SQLite数据库的创建和操作
Email:chentravelling@163.com
前天学习了一下界面布局和activity,昨天抽了一会时间捣腾了一下SQLite,总体感觉Android的数据库服务还算方便,这都是两个类的功劳:SQLiteOpenHelper和SQLiteDatabase。关于这两个类,后续再讲。
### 一、环境
IDE:Android Studio
JDK:1.8
系统:win 7 64位
### 二、设计
我拿了一个简单的例子:people表字段如下
<table border="1" width="200" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center"><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">字段</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">类型</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">主键</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">id</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">TEXT</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">KEY</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">name</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">TEXT</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px"><br/></span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">workplace</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">TEXT</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px"><br/></span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">phone</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">TEXT</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px"><br/></span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">gender<span style="white-space:pre"/></span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><span style="font-size:14px">INTEGER</span></span></td><td><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei; font-size:18px"><br/></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
2.1)首先我写了一个people类:peopleBean。为什么要新建一个类呢?首先是对需要传递和保存的信息进行封装,这样个人觉得更加符合面向对象的思想,也使得代码更规范,可读性更高,安全性更高。
~~~
/**
* Created by chen on 2015/12/16.
*/
public class peopleBean {
private String id;//主键
private String name;
private String workplace;
private String phone;
private int gender;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getWorkplace() {
return workplace;
}
public void setWorkplace(String workplace) {
this.workplace = workplace;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
</span>
~~~
2.2)新建一个对数据库进行操作的类:AddressDAO,该类继承自SQLiteOpenHelper类,关于SQLiteOpenHelper类的说明将在另一个章节中讨论。
~~~
<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:18px;">
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Created by chen on 2015/12/16.
*/
public class AddressDAO extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public AddressDAO(Context context)
{
super(context,"address_db",null,1);
}
//创建数据库
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
Log.e("onCreate", "create");
String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS people(id integer primary key autoincrement,name text,phone text,workplace text,gender integer);";
db.execSQL(sql);
}
//当数据库升级的时候,Android系统会自动调用onUpgrade方法
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
String sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS address_db";
db.execSQL(sql);
onCreate(db);
}
//关闭数据库服务
public void closeDB(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
if(db!=null)
{
db.close();
}
}
//插入数据
public void add(peopleBean people)
{
/* String name = people.getName();
String phone = people.getPhone();
String workplace = people.getWorkplace();
String gender = people.getGender()==0?"男":"女";*/
String sql = "insert into people values(null,'"+people.getName()+"','"+people.getPhone()+"','"+people.getWorkplace()+"','"+people.getGender()+"')";
//String sql = "insert into people values(null,'张亚茹','13716762131','北京','0');";
//获取SQLiteDatabase对象实例
db = this.getWritableDatabase();
db.execSQL(sql);
}
//查询数据:返回的是一个Cursor对象
public Cursor query()
{
String sql = "select * from people";
//获取SQLiteDatabase对象实例
db = this.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(sql, null);
return cursor;
}
}
</span>
~~~
其中关键的几个地方:
(1)重写**onCreate()**函数,功能:新建数据库,库名:address_db
(2)重写**onUpdate()**函数,数据库升级时,Android系统会自动调用该方法
(3)查询的时候,调用的是**rawQuery()**方法,返回的是**Cursor对象**,该对象是一个数据集合,关于Cursor的操作,后续再讲。
其他的删除和查询暂时还没写。
当然还可以通过调用SQLiteDatabase类中的insert()、delete()、update()、rawQuery()进行数据的增删改查,但是个人喜欢通过执行sql语句来做,比较方便。
### 三、关于SQLite可视化
系统中的数据库在哪里呢?见下图:
打开android device monitor
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-03-18_56eb6a3476878.jpg)
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-03-18_56eb6a349c204.jpg)
将数据库表导入和导出:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-03-18_56eb6a34ae300.jpg)
然后就可以利用SQLite可视化工具查看了:SQLite Expert