基本查询 · sql

[TOC] # 简介 es是功能非常强大的全文搜索引擎,用它的目的是为了能快速的查询你想要的数据基本查询: 利用es内置查询条件进行查询组合查询: 把多个基本查询组合在一起的复合性查询过滤: 查询同时,通过filter条件在不影响打分的情况下筛选出想要的数据 # 基本查询 * term,terms查询 * from,size * 返回版本号`_version` * match查询 * 升序降序 * prefix前缀匹配查询 * range范围查询 * wildcard通配符查询 * fuzzy模糊查询 * `more_like_this & more_like_this_field`查询 # 简单查询创建7个这样的数据 ~~~ POST /library/books/1 { "title": "elasticsearch", "price":"1", "preview": "books-1", "publish_date": "2015-02-06" } ~~~ 查看数据 ~~~ GET /library/books/_mget { "ids": ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7"] } ~~~ 查看mapping ~~~ GET /library/_mapping GET /shakespeare/_mapping ~~~ 简单查询 ~~~ # 指定index名以及type名的搜索 GET /library/books/_search?q=title:elasticsearch ~~~ 返回值多条中,会有`_score`这个key,这个值越大就排在前面,这个就叫打分,es认为这个文档比较有价值 ~~~ # 指定index名没有type名的搜索 GET /library/_search?q=title:mongo ~~~ ~~~ # 既没有index名也没有type名的搜索 GET /_search?q=title:elasticsearch ~~~ # term查询查询某个字段里有某个关键词的文档 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "term": { "preview": "es" } } } ~~~ 查询某个字段里有多个关键词的文档 `minimum_match`: 最小匹配集: 1.说明两个关键词里最少有一个, 2.说明文档里这两个关键词都得存在 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "terms": { "preview": ["es","php"], "minimum_match": 1 } } } ~~~ 控制查询返回的数量 form和size 相当于mysql里的limit from: 从哪个结果开始返回 size: 定义返回最大的结果数 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search?q=title:elasticsearch GET /library/books/_search { "from": 1, "size": 2, "query": { "term": { "title": "elasticsearch" } } } ~~~ 返回版本号`_version` ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "version": true, "query": { "term": { "preview": "es" } } } ~~~ # match查询 match查询可以接收文字,数字日期等数据类型 match跟term区别是,match查询的时候,elasticsearch会根据你给定的字段提供合适的分析器,而term查询不会有分析器分析过程 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "match": { "preview": "es" } } } GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "match": { "price": 3 } } } ~~~ 通过`match_phrase`查询短语查询,slop定义的是关键词之间间隔多少未知单词 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "match_phrase": { "preview": { "query": "books,es", "slop": 3 } } } } ~~~ `multi_match`查询可以指定多个字段比如查询title和preview这两个字段里都包含Elasticsearch关键词的文档 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "multi_match": { "query": "es", "fields": ["title","preview"] } } } ~~~ # field指定返回的字段注意只能返回store为yes的字段 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "fields": ["preview","title"], "query": { "match": { "preview": "es" } } } ~~~ # partial_fields控制加载字段 include表示包含 exclude表示排除 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "partial_fields": { "partial": { "include": ["preview"], "exclude": ["title,price"] } }, "query": { "match_all": {} } } ~~~ 还可以加通配符* ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "partial_fields": { "partial": { "include": ["pr*"], "exclude": ["tit*"] } }, "query": { "match_all": {} } } ~~~ # sort排序通过sort把结果排序 desc降序 asc升序 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "sort": [ { "price": { "order": "desc" } } ] } ~~~ # prefix前缀匹配查询 prefix ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "prefix": { "title": { "value": "e" } } } } ~~~ # range控制范围 range查询:范围查询有from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boots这些参数 include_lower: 是否包含范围的左边界,默认是true include_upper: 是否包含范围的右边界,默认是true ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "range": { "price": { "from": "10", "to": "20", "include_lower": true, "include_upper": false } } } } ~~~ # wildcard通配符查询允许你使用通配符`*`和?来进行查询 `*`代表一个或多个字符 ?仅代表一个字符注意:这个查询很影响性能 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "wildcard": { "preview": "book*" } } } ~~~ ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "wildcard": { "preview": "boo?s" } } } ~~~ # fuzzy模糊查询 value查询的关键字 boost设置查询的权值,默认为1.0 min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度,默认值是0.5,对于字符串取值为0-1(包括0和1),对于数值,取值可能大于1,对于日期型取值为1d,2d,1m这样,1d就代表一天 prefix_length:指明区分词项的共同前缀长度,默认是0 max_expansions:指明查询中的词项可扩展的数目,默认可无限大 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "fuzzy": { "preview": "php" } } } ~~~ ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "fuzzy": { "preview": { "value": "php", "min_similarity": 0.5 } } } } ~~~ # fuzzy_like_this查询与给定内容相似的所有文档查询得到与给定内容相似的所有文档 fields:字段组,默认是`_all` like_text: 设置关键词 ignore_tf:设置忽略词项的频次,默认是false max_query_terns:指明在生成的查询中查询词项的最大数目.默认是25 min_similarity:指明区分词项最小的相似度,默认是0.5 prefix_length:指明区分词项共同前缀的长度,默认是0 boost:设置权值,默认是1.0 analyze:指明用于分析给定内容的分析器 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "fuzzy_like_this": { "fields": ["preview"], "like_text": "php", "min_similarity": 0.5, "prefix_length": 0.2 } } } ~~~ # fuzzy_like_this_field查询只作用在一个字段里其他与fuzzy_like_this功能一样 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "fuzzy_like_this_field": { "preview": { "like_text": "php", "min_similarity": 0.5, "prefix_length": 0.2 } } } } ~~~ # more_like_this查询 fields:定义字段组,默认是`_all` like_text:定义要查询的关键词 percent_terms_to_match: 该参数指明一个文档必须匹配多大比例的词项才能被视为相似,默认值是0.3,意思30%比例 min_term_freq:该参数指明在生成的查询中查询词项的最大数目.默认为25 stop_words:该参数指明将被忽略的单词集合 min_doc_freq:该参数指明词项应至少在多个文档中出现才不会被忽略.more是5 max_doc_freq:该参数指明出现词项的最大数目,以避免词项被忽略,默认是无穷大 min_word_len: 该参数指明单个单词的最小长度,低于该值的单词将被忽略,默认值是0 max_word_len: 该参数指明单个单词的最大长度,高于该值的单词将被忽略,默认是无限大 boost_terms: 该参数指明提升每个单词的权重时使用的权值.默认是1 boost: 指明提升一个查询的权值,默认是1.0 analyer:指定用于分析的分析器 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "more_like_this": { "fields": ["preview"], "like_text": "php", "min_term_freq": 1, "min_doc_freq": 1 } } } ~~~ # more_like_this_field查询只作用一个字段里其他与more_like_this功能一样 ~~~ GET /library/books/_search { "query": { "more_like_this_field": { "preview": { "like_text": "php", "min_term_freq": 1, "min_doc_freq": 1 } } } } ~~~