# Admin站点
### Admin站点
```text
创建项目模板,默认Admin被启用:python manage.py startproject project醒目
创建管理员的用户名和密码:python manage.py createsuperuser
按照提示填写信息
在应用内admin.py文件完成注册,就可以在后台管理中维护模型的数据
from django.contrib import admin
from models import *
admin.site.register(Students)
查找admin文件:在INSTALLED_APPS项中加入django.contrib.admin,Django就会自动搜索每个应用的admin模块并将其导入
```
## ModelAdmin对象
* ModelAdmin类是模型在Admin界面中的表示形式
* 定义:定义一个类，继承于admin.ModelAdmin,注册模型时使用这个类
```text
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
# 设置页面列的名称
gender.short_description = "性别"
list_display = ['pk','sname','sage',gender,'scontend','sgrade','isDelete']
list_per_page = 10
```
* 通常定义应用的admin.py文件里
* 使用方式一:注册参数
```text
admin.site.register(Students,StudentsAdmin)
```
* 使用方式二:注册装饰器
```text
from myapp.models import Students
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
```
* 通过重写admin.ModelAdmin的属性规定显示效果，属性主要分为列表页，增加修改页两部分
## 列表页选项
### “操作选项”的位置
* actions\__on\_top、actions\_on\_bottom:默认显示在页面的顶部_
```text
# 执行动作的位置
# 在底部
actions_on_bottom = True
actions_on_top = True
```
### list\_display
* 出现列表中的显示字段
* 列表类型
* 在列表中，可以是字段名称，也可以是方法名称，但是方法名称默认不能排序
* 在方法中可以使用format\_html\(\)输出HTML内容
```text
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Grades,Students
# 注册
class StudentsInfo(admin.TabularInline):
model = Students
extra = 2
# class StudentsInfo(admin.StackedInline):
# model = Students
# extra = 2
@admin.register(Grades)
class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [StudentsInfo]
# 列表页属性
list_display = ['pk','gname','gdate','ggirlnum','gboynum','isDelete']
list_filter = ['gname']
search_fields = ['gname']
list_per_page = 5
# # 添加、修改页属性
# fields = ['ggirlnum','gboynum','gname','gdate','isDelete']
fieldsets = [
("num",{"fields":['ggirlnum','gboynum']}),
("base",{"fields":['gname','gdate','isDelete']}),
]
# admin.site.register(Grades,GradesAdmin)
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
# 设置页面列的名称
gender.short_description = "性别"
list_display = ['pk','sname','sage',gender,'scontend','sgrade','isDelete']
list_per_page = 10
# 执行动作的位置
# 在底部
actions_on_bottom = True
actions_on_top = False
# admin.site.register(Students,StudentAdmin)
from .models import Text
admin.site.register(Text)
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# 班级》学生 ，一对多
# 类里面的属性，对应数据库中表的字段
class Grades(models.Model):
gname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
gdate = models.DateField()
ggirlnum = models.IntegerField()
gboynum = models.IntegerField()
isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
# 重写str
def __str__(self):
# return "%s-%d-%d" % (self.gname,self.ggirlnum,self.gboynum)
return self.gname
class StudentsManager(models.Manager):
def get_queryset(self):
return super(StudentsManager,self).get_queryset().filter(isDelete=False)
def createStudent(self,name,age,gender,contend,grade,isDel=False):
stu = self.model()
# print(type(stu))
stu.sname = name
stu.sage = age
stu.sgender = gender
stu.scontend = contend
stu.sgrade = grade
return stu
class Students(models.Model):
# 定义一个类方法创建对象
# cls代表了Students类
@classmethod
def createStudent(cls,name,age,gender,contend,grade,isDel=False):
stu = cls(
sname = name,
sage = age,
sgender = gender,
scontend = contend,
sgrade = grade,
isDelete = isDel,
)
return stu
# 自定义模型管理器
# 当自定义模型管理器，objects就不存在了
# stuObj = models.Manager()
# stuObj2 = StudentsManager()
sname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
sgender = models.BooleanField(default=False)
sage = models.IntegerField()
scontend = models.CharField(max_length=20)
isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
# 关联外键
sgrade = models.ForeignKey("Grades",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.sname
def getName(self):
return self.sname
# class TempTables(models.Model):
# a = models.BooleanField(default=True)
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
class Text(models.Model):
str = HTMLField()
```
* 让方法排序，为方法指定admin\__order\_filed属性:_
```text
在models.py中为Students类增加方法orderName
def orderName(self):
return format(self.sname)
orderName.admin_order_filed = 'sname'
```
* 标题栏名称:将字段封装成方法，为方法设置short\_description属性
```text
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
def getName(self):
return self.sname
getName.short_description = "姓名"
list_display = ['pk', getName, 'sage', gender,]
```
### list\_filter
* 右侧栏过滤器，对那些属性的值进行过滤
* 列表类型
* 只能接受字段
```text
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
.....
list_filter = ('sname','sage')
```
### list\_per\_page
* 每页中显示多少项，默认设置为100
```text
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from myapp.models import Students, Grades
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
.....
list_per_page = 10
```
### search\_fileds
* 搜索框
* 列表类型，表示在这些字段上进行搜索
* 只能接收字段
```text
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
search_fields = ['sname']
```
* fieldsets:分组显示
```text
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
fieldsets = (
('base',{'fields':('sname','sage')}),
('main',{'fields':('sgender','scontend')}),
)
```
* fields与fieldsets两者选一
### 设置可点击链接进入编辑页面
```text
list_display_links = ('sname','sage')
```
### 详细时间分层筛选
* date\_hierarchy
```text
date_hierarchy = 'date'
```
### InlineModelAdmin对象
* 类型InlineModelAdmin:表示在模型的添加或修改页面嵌入关联模型的添加或修改
* 子类TabularInline:以表格的形式嵌入
* 子类StackedInline:以块的形式嵌入
```text
class StudentsInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Students
class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [
StudentsInline,
]
admin.site.register(Grades,GradesAdmin)
```
### 重写admin模板
* 在项目所在目录中创建templates目录，再创建一个admin目录
* 设置模板查找目录:修改settings.py的TEMPLATES项，加载模板时会在DIRS列表指定目录中搜索
```text
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
```
* 从django安装的目录下\(django/contrib/admin/templates\)将模板页面的源文件admin/base\_site.html拷贝到第一步创建好的目录中
* 编辑base\_site.html文件
* 刷新页面，查看效果
* 其他管理后台的模板可以按照相同的方式进行修改
```text
base_site.html
{% extends 'admin/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
{{ title }} |{{ site_title|default:_('Django site admin') }}
{% endblock %}
{% block branding %}
<h1 di="site-name"><a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}">学生管理系统</a></h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block nav-global %}
{% endblock %}
```
