# 搜索API
现在,让我们以一些简单的搜索来开始学习。有两种基本的方式来运行搜索:一种是在REST请求的URI中发送搜索参数,另一种是将搜索参数发送到REST请求体中。请求体方法的表达能力更好,并且你可以使用更加可读的JSON格式来定义搜索。我们将尝试使用一次请求URI作为例子,但是教程的后面部分,我们将仅仅使用请求体方法。
搜索的REST API可以通过`_search`端点(endpoint)来访问。下面这个例子返回`bank`索引中的所有的文档:
```
GET /bank/_search?q=*&sort=account_number:asc&pretty
```
先来分析一下搜索请求。我们在`bank`索引库中搜索( `_search`端点),并且`q=*`参数指示Elasticsearch去匹配这个索引中所有的文档。`sort=account_number:asc`指示结果按`account_number`字段升序排列。pretty参数仅仅是告诉Elasticsearch返回美观的JSON结果。
以下是响应(部分列出):
```
{
"took" : 63,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1000,
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "0",
"sort": [0],
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {"account_number":0,"balance":16623,"firstname":"Bradshaw","lastname":"Mckenzie","age":29,"gender":"F","address":"244 Columbus Place","employer":"Euron","email":"bradshawmckenzie@euron.com","city":"Hobucken","state":"CO"}
}, {
"_index" : "bank",
"_type" : "account",
"_id" : "1",
"sort": [1],
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {"account_number":1,"balance":39225,"firstname":"Amber","lastname":"Duke","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"880 Holmes Lane","employer":"Pyrami","email":"amberduke@pyrami.com","city":"Brogan","state":"IL"}
}, ...
]
}
}
```
对于这个响应,我们可以看到如下的部分:
- `took`:Elasticsearch 执行这个搜索的耗时,以毫秒为单位
- `timed_out`:指明这个搜索是否超时
- `_shards`:指出多少个分片被搜索了,同时也标记了搜索成功与失败分片的数量
- `hits`:搜索结果
- `hits.total`:匹配查询条件的文档的总数目
- `hits.hits`:真正的搜索结果数组(默认是前10个文档)
- `hits.sort`:结果排序字段(如果缺失则按照得分排序)
- `hits._score` 和 `max_score`:现在先忽略这些字段
使用请求体方法的等价搜索是:
```
GET /bank/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"sort": [
{ "account_number": "asc" }
]
}
```
与上面方法不同之处在于,并不是向URI中传递`q=*`,取而代之的是在`_search` API的请求体中POST了一个JSON格式的请求体。我们将在下一个章节中讨论这个JSON查询。
有一点你需要重点关注,一旦你取回了搜索结果,Elasticsearch就完成了使命,它不会保持任何服务器端的资源或者在你的结果中打开游标。这是和其它像SQL平台的一个鲜明的对比, 在那些平台上,你在先获取到查询结果的子集之后可以不断的从服务器提取结果中的剩余部分,这个数据集使用了一种有状态的服务器端游标技术。
> my note
>
> [数据库——游标 ](http://blog.csdn.net/liujiahan629629/article/details/18014051)
- 入门
- 基本概念
- 安装
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引库
- 创建一个索引库
- 索引文档创建与查询
- 删除一个索引库
- 修改你的数据
- 更新文档
- 删除文档
- 批量处理
- 探索你的数据
- 搜索API
- 查询语言介绍
- 执行搜索
- 执行过滤
- 执行聚合
- 总结
- Elasticsearch设置
- 安装Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安装方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian软件包安装方式
- RPM安装方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安装方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系统配置
- 系统设置
- 在jvm.options中设置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虚拟内存
- 线程数
- DNS cache settings
- 启动前检查
- 堆大小检查
- 文件描述符检查
- 内存锁定检查
- 最大线程数检查
- 最大虚拟内存检查
- Max file size check
- 最大map数检查
- JVM Client模式检查
- 串行收集使用检查
- 系统调用过滤检查
- OnError与OnOutOfMemoryError检查
- Early-access check
- G1GC检查
- Elasticsearch停机
- Elasticsearch升级
- 滚动升级
- 全集群重启升级
- 索引重建升级
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大变化
- 6.0的重大变化
- 聚合变化
- Cat API变化
- 客户端变化
- 集群变化
- 文档API变化
- 索引变化
- 预处理变化
- 映射变化
- Packaging变化
- Percolator变化
- 插件变化
- 索引重建变化
- 信息统计变化
- DSL查询变化
- 设置变化
- 脚本变化
- API约定
- 多索引语法
- 索引库名称的日期运算
- 常用选项
- URL-based访问控制
- 文档APIs
- 读写文档
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
- Request Body Search
- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
- Rescoring
- Search Type
- Scroll
- Preference
- Explain
- Version
- Index Boost
- min_score
- Named Queries
- Inner hits
- Field Collapsing
- Search After
- Search Template
- Multi Search Template
- Search Shards API
- Suggesters
- Term suggester
- Phrase Suggester
- Completion Suggester
- Context Suggester
- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
- Validate API
- Explain API
- Profile API
- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值计数聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理边界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 邻接矩阵聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(过滤器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距离聚合) 转至元数据结尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash网格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 转至元数据结尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范围聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范围聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(导数聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(扩展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分数桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累积汇总聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶脚本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶选择器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差异聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /创建索引
- Delete Index /删除索引
- Get Index /获取索引
- Indices Exists /索引存在
- Open / Close Index API /启动关闭索引
- Shrink Index /缩小索引
- Rollover Index/滚动索引
- Put Mapping /提交映射
- Get Mapping /获取映射
- Get Field Mapping /获取字段映射
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Explain Analyze
- Index Templates
- 索引统计信息
- 索引段
- 索引恢复
- 索引分片存储
- 清理缓存
- 刷新
- 同步刷新
- 重新加载
- 强制合并
- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat count
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat thread pool
- cat snapshots
- cat templates
- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
- 集群状态
- 集群统计
- 挂起的集群任务
- 集群重新路由
- Cluster Update Settings
- Nodes Stats
- Nodes Info
- Nodes Feature Usage
- Remote Cluster Info
- Task Management API
- Nodes hot_threads
- Cluster Allocation Explain API
- Query DSL
- 查询context与过滤context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查询
- 短语匹配查询
- 短语前缀匹配查询
- 多字段查询
- 常用术语查询
- 查询语句查询
- 简单查询语句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 复合查询
- Constant Score 查询
- Bool 查询
- Dis Max 查询
- Function Score 查询
- Boosting 查询
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查询)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形状查询)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理边框查询)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距离查询)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多边形查询)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查询
- Span Multi Term 查询
- Span First 查询
- Span Near 查询
- Span Or 查询
- Span Not 查询
- Span Containing 查询
- Span Within 查询
- Span Field Masking 查询 转至元数据结尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token数
- 渗滤型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(归一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(强制类型转换)
- copy_to(合并参数)
- doc_values(文档值)
- dynamic(动态设置)
- enabled(开启字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段数据)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不对的数据)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引设置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (标准信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短语位置间隙)
- properties (属性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存储)
- Term_vectors(词根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(动态字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(动态模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(测试分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置内置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(标准分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(简单分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 语言分析器
- 指纹分析器
- 自定义分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分词器)
- Standard Tokenizer(标准分词器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小写分词器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰语分词器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路径层次分词器)
- Token Filters(词元过滤器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符过滤器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模块
- Cluster
- 集群级路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盘的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配过滤
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模块)
- 预处理节点
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(测试)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes