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JSON Schema指定JSON文件的结构。 JSON Schema可以用于验证发送/接受于RESTful Web服务的内容。 JSON Schema都写在JSON里。 在http://json-schema.org可以找到主要的JSON Schema。JSON Schema是一个正在发展的Schema- JSON的架构团队刚刚发布0.4版本,在http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zyp-json-schema-04\. 可以找到跟多细节信息。 一些重要的JSON Schema结构包括: | **CONSTRUCT** | **DESCRIPTION** | | --- | --- | | type | The data type – object, array, string, number, etc. | | $schema | The URI that provides the schema version. | | required | true/false | | id | Data element id | | properties | Validation properties for a data element include type (see above), minimum – minimum value, maximum – maximum value, enum, etc. | 下面的例子用一个简单的JSON Schema验证网上礼品登记信息的一部分内容: ~~~ { "type": "object", "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-03/schema", "id": "#", "required": true, "properties": { "registrants": { "type": "array", "id": "registrants", "required": true, "items": { "type": "object", "required": false, "properties": { "address": { "type": "object", "id": "address", "required": true, "properties": { "city": { "type": "string", "id": "city", "required": true }, "country": { "type": "string", "id": "country", "required": false }, "line1": { "type": "string", "id": "line1", "required": true }, "line2": { "type": "string", "id": "line2", "required": false }, "postalCode": { "type": "string", "id": "postalCode", "required": true }, "premise": { "type": "string", "id": "premise", "required": true, "enum": [ "work", "home", "other" ] }, "stateOrProvince": { "type": "string", "id": "stateOrProvince", "required": true } } }, "firstName": { "type": "string", "id": "firstName", "required": true }, "lastName": { "type": "string", "id": "lastName", "required": true }, "phoneNumber": { "type": "object", "id": "phoneNumber", "required": true, "properties": { "channel": { "type": "string", "id": "channel", "required": true, "enum": [ "cell", "work", "home" ] }, "number": { "type": "string", "id": "number", "required": true } } } } } } } } ~~~ ### 上面的schema: * 需要注册对象的数组。 * 限制电话号码字段为下列值:手机,工作电话,传真或者和家用电话 * 限制地址字段为:家庭地址,工作地址,或其他。 一个Web服务的消费者可以使用这个模式来验证下面的JSON文件: ~~~ { "registrants": [ { "firstName": "Fred", "lastName": "Smith", "phoneNumber": { "channel": "cell", "number": "303-555-1212" }, "address": { "premise": "home", "line1": "555 Broadway NW", "line2": "# 000", "city": "Denver", "stateOrProvince": "CO", "postalCode": "88888", "country": "USA" } } ] } ~~~ ## JSON Schema生成器 创建一个JSON Schema非常的繁琐,而且容易出错的。使用JSON Schema生成器,可以生成任何有效JSON文件的Schema。访问在线JSON模式发生器(www.jsonschema.net/),并通过执行以下操作生成模式: * 粘贴JSON文件到右边的文本区域。 * 选择JSON输入选项。 * 按生成模式按钮。 ### JSON Schema 验证器 应用程序使用JSON Schema验证器,以确保JSON文件符合Schema指定的结构。 JSON Schema验证器可用于大多数现代编程语言中: | **JSON SCHEMA VALIDATOR** | **LANGUAGE** | **SOURCE** | | --- | --- | --- | | JSV | JavaScript | [https://github.com/garycourt/JSV](https://github.com/garycourt/JSV) | | Ruby JSON Schema Validator | Ruby | [https://github.com/hoxworth/json-schema](https://github.com/hoxworth/json-schema) | | json-schema-validator | Java | [https://github.com/fge/json-schema-validator](https://github.com/fge/json-schema-validator) | | php-json-schema (by MIT) | PHP | [https://github.com/hasbridge/php-json-schema](https://github.com/hasbridge/php-json-schema) | | JSON.Net | .NET | [http://james.newtonking.com/projects/json-net.aspx](http://james.newtonking.com/projects/json-net.aspx) | 除了基于特定语言的模式验证工具,有一个非常棒的在线JSON Schema验证器:http://json-schema-validator.herokuapp.com。要使用该网站,只需输入JSON文件和Schema到相应的文本框中,然后按验证按钮即可。