大部分引用:https://github.com/TIGERB/easy-tips/blob/master/mysql/sql.md ## 常用sql语句整理：mysql 1. 增 - 增加一张表 ``` CREATE TABLE `table_name`( ... )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ``` - 增加记录 ``` INSERT INTO `your_table_name`(`column_name`) VALUES ('your_value_one'), ('your_value_two'); ``` - 增加字段 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD `your_column_name` ... AFTER `column_name`; ``` - 增加索引 + 主键 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD PRIMARY KEY your_index_name(your_column_name); ``` + 唯一索引 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD UNIQUE your_index_name(your_column_name); ``` + 普通索引 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name); ``` + 全文索引 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD FULLTEXT your_index_name(your_column_name); ``` 2. 删 - 逐行删除 ``` DELETE FORM `table_name` WHERE ...; ``` - 清空整张表 ``` TRUNCATE TABLE `your_table_name`; ``` - 删除表 ``` DROP TABLE `your_table_name`; ``` - 删除字段 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` DROP `column_name`; ``` - 删除索引 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` DROP INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name); ``` 3. 改 - 变更数据 ``` UPDATE `table_name` SET column_name=your_value WHERE ...; ``` - 变更字段 ``` ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` CHANGE `your_column_name` `your_column_name` ...(变更); ``` - 变更字段值为另一张表的某个值 ``` UPDATE `your_table_name` AS a JOIN `your_anther_table_name` AS b SET a.column = b.anther_column WHERE a.id = b.a_id...; ``` 4. 查 - 普通查询 ``` SELECT `column_name_one`, `column_name_two` FROM `table_name`; ``` - 关联查询 ``` SELECT * FROM `your_table_name` AS a JOIN `your_anther_table_name` AS b WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...; ``` - 合计函数条件查询：WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用 ``` SELECT aggregate_function(column_name) FROM your_table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name)...; ``` - 同一个实例下跨库查询 ``` SELECT * FROM database_name.your_table_name AS a JOIN another_database_name.your_another_table_name AS b WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...; ``` 5. 复制一张表结构 ``` CREATE TABLE `your_table_name` LIKE `destination_table_name`; ``` 6. 完全复制一张表：表结构+全部数据 ``` CREATE TABLE `your_table_name` LIKE `destination_table_name`; INSERT INTO `your_table_name` SELECT * FROM `destination_table_name`; ``` --- ### 附录：mysql常用命令 - 登陆： mysql -h host -u username -p - 列出数据库：SHOW DATABESES; - 列出表:SHOW TABLES; - 列出表结构:DESC table_name - 使用一个数据库：USE database_name; - 导入：source 'file'; - 导出：mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p "database_name" "table_name" --where="condition" > file_name.sql; - 查看慢日志：mysqldumpslow -s [c:按记录次数排序/t:时间/l:锁定时间/r:返回的记录数] -t [n:前n条数据] -g "正则"　/path - 新增用户： insert into `user`(`Host`, `User`, `authentication_string`) value('localhost', 'username', password('pwd')) ### mysql 5.7 新增用户 ``` // 插入新用户 insert into mysql.user(Host, User, authentication_string, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject value('localhost', 'username', password('password'), '', '', ''); // 数据库授权 grant all privileges on dbname.name.* to username@localhost identified by 'password'; // 刷新权限信息 FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ```