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在介绍本文动画效果实现之前,先来介绍属性动画相关的几个知识点。 1. ValueAnimator与ObjectAnimator。 1. Interpolator插值器与TypeEvaluator估值器。 在Android3.0之前,系统提供了两种动画效果实现方式,帧动画frame-by-frame animation和补间动画tweened animation。帧动画就是类似电影播放一样,将整部影片拆分成一片片的然后连贯起来播放。补间动画则可以实现对view的缩放、平移、旋转等操作。在3.0之后,出现了一种新的动画模式称为属性动画property animation。 **属性动画产生的原因** 属性动画的出现不是用来替代补间动画的,而是用来解决补间动画所不能够完成的事件的。如果我们的需求超出了操控view的旋转、缩放、平移等操作范围,那么我们就需选择属性动画去实现了。那么属性动画可以做到哪些补间动画做不到的事情呢?下面列举几点,当然属性动画的功能很强大,不仅限于我列举的几点。 1. 属性动画可以做到对一个非view类进行动画操作。 1. 属性动画可以做到真正的改变view对象的属性值。而补间动画只是改变了view的动画效果。 **ValueAnimator与ObjectAnimator** ObjectAnimator是属性动画中最总要的执行类,ObjectAnimator可以操作某个对象的属性值,但是这个属性值必须要有get和set方法,同时也可以设置view的执行线路,通过插值器来控制。 举个简单的例子: ~~~ ObjectAnimator .ofFloat(view, "rotationY", 0.0F, 360.0F) .setDuration(500) .start(); ~~~ 其可操作的属性有x/y;scaleX/scaleY;rotationX/ rotationY;transitionX/ transitionY等。 上面的例子是修改view的单个属性值,同样也可以同时修改多个属性,下面介绍两种 1.PropertyValuesHolder属性值持有者 ~~~ PropertyValuesHolder pvhLeft = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("left", 0, 1); PropertyValuesHolder pvhTop = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("top", 0, 1); ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder( this, pvhLeft, pvhTop). ~~~ 2.提供一个不存在的属性值 ~~~ ObjectAnimator anim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "long", 1.0F, 0.0F).setDuration(500); anim.start(); anim.UpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener() { @Override public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) { float cVal = (Float) animation.getAnimatedValue(); view.setAlpha(cVal); view.setScaleX(cVal); view.setScaleY(cVal); } }); ~~~ 上面提到的都是修改对象已有的setter和getter方法的属性值。那么如果对象没有为某个属性提供提供setter和getter方法呢,我们也可以做到修改这些属性值,下面提供两种实现方式: 1. 通过valueAnimation来实现,这个下面会讲解。 1. 通过自己写一个包装类来实现。然后为该属性提供setter和getter方法。 ~~~ class ViewWrapper{ private View mView; public int getWidth(){ return mView.getLayoutParams().width; } } ~~~ ValueAnimator包含Property Animation动画的所有核心功能,如动画时间,开始、结束属性值,相应时间属性值计算方法等。 属性动画的应用有两个步骤: 1、计算属性的值。2、根据属性值执行相应的动作。 ValueAnimator只是完成了第一步骤,而要完成第二步还要借助于ValueAnimator.onUpdateListener接口,在此方法中可以通过ValueAnimator对象的getAnimatedValue()函数可以得到当前的属性值。 ~~~ ValueAnimator animation = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f, 1f); animation.setDuration(1000); animation.addUpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener () { @Override public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) { Log.i("update", ((Float)animation.getAnimatedValue()).toString()); // 此处可以根据getAnimatedValue获取到的属性值改变view相关的属性从而执行某些动作 } }); animation.setInterpolator(new CycleInterpolator(3)); animation.start(); ~~~ **Time Interpolator插值器与TypeEvaluator估值器** Time interplator:定义了属性值变化的方式,如线性均匀改变,开始慢然后逐渐快等。在Property Animation中是TimeInterplator,在View Animation中是Interplator,这两个是一样的,在3.0之前只有Interplator,3.0之后实现代码转移至了TimeInterplator。Interplator继承自TimeInterplator,内部没有任何其他代码。 1. AccelerateInterpolator 加速,开始时慢中间加速 1. DecelerateInterpolator 减速,开始时快然后减速 1. AccelerateDecelerateInterolator 先加速后减速,开始结束时慢,中间加速 1. AnticipateInterpolator 反向 ,先向相反方向改变一段再加速播放 1. AnticipateOvershootInterpolator 反向加回弹,先向相反方向改变,再加速播放,会超出目的值然后缓慢移动至目的值 1. BounceInterpolator 跳跃,快到目的值时值会跳跃,如目的值100,后面的值可能依次为85,77,70,80,90,100 1. CycleIinterpolator 循环,动画循环一定次数,值的改变为一正弦函数:Math.sin(2 * mCycles * Math.PI * input) 1. LinearInterpolator 线性,线性均匀改变 1. OvershottInterpolator 回弹,最后超出目的值然后缓慢改变到目的值 1. TimeInterpolator 一个接口,允许你自定义interpolator,以上几个都是实现了这个接口 TypeEvaluator:根据属性的开始、结束值与TimeInterpolation计算出的因子计算出当前时间的属性值,android提供了以下几个evalutor: 1. IntEvaluator:属性的值类型为int。 1. FloatEvaluator:属性的值类型为float。 1. ArgbEvaluator:属性的值类型为十六进制颜色值。 1. TypeEvaluator:一个接口,可以通过实现该接口自定义Evaluator。 当然我们也可以自己定义估值器,如下: ~~~ public class FloatEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator { public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) { float startFloat = ((Number) startValue).floatValue(); return startFloat + fraction * (((Number) endValue).floatValue() - startFloat); } } ~~~ **实例** 接下来我们要实现的就是如下的 效果图: ![这里写图片描述](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-03-16_56e8caabf3192.jpg "") 在本例的实现中我们的重点也是在ValueAnimator和ObjectAnimator中读者可以结合上述知识内容来消化本例的动画技术。附上代码: ~~~ package com.example.custom.animation; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.example.custom.R; import android.animation.Animator; import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter; import android.animation.AnimatorSet; import android.animation.ArgbEvaluator; import android.animation.ObjectAnimator; import android.animation.ValueAnimator; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.RadialGradient; import android.graphics.Shader; import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable; import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.OvalShape; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator; import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator; import android.widget.LinearLayout; public class BouncingBalls extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.bouncing_balls); LinearLayout container = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.container); container.addView(new MyAnimationView(this)); } public class MyAnimationView extends View { private static final int RED = 0xffFF8080; private static final int BLUE = 0xff8080FF; public final ArrayList<ShapeHolder> balls = new ArrayList<ShapeHolder>(); AnimatorSet animation = null; public MyAnimationView(Context context) { super(context); ValueAnimator colorAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(this, "backgroundColor", RED, BLUE); colorAnim.setDuration(3000); colorAnim.setEvaluator(new ArgbEvaluator()); colorAnim.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE); colorAnim.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); colorAnim.start(); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) { return false; } // 初始化一个跳跳球 ShapeHolder newBall = initBouncingBall(event.getX(), event.getY()); float startY = newBall.getY(); float endY = getHeight() - 50; float h = (float)getHeight(); float eventY = event.getY(); int duration = (int)(500 * ((h - eventY)/h)); // 操作newBall的Y属性值 ValueAnimator bounceAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", startY, endY); bounceAnim.setDuration(duration); bounceAnim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator squashAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "x", newBall.getX(),newBall.getX() - 25f); squashAnim1.setDuration(duration/4); squashAnim1.setRepeatCount(1); squashAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); squashAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator squashAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "width", newBall.getWidth(),newBall.getWidth() + 50); squashAnim2.setDuration(duration/4); squashAnim2.setRepeatCount(1); squashAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); squashAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator stretchAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, endY + 25f); stretchAnim1.setDuration(duration/4); stretchAnim1.setRepeatCount(1); stretchAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); stretchAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); ValueAnimator stretchAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "height",newBall.getHeight(), newBall.getHeight() - 25); stretchAnim2.setDuration(duration/4); stretchAnim2.setRepeatCount(1); stretchAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); stretchAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); ValueAnimator bounceBackAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, startY); bounceBackAnim.setDuration(duration); bounceBackAnim.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); AnimatorSet bouncer = new AnimatorSet(); bouncer.play(bounceAnim).before(squashAnim1); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(squashAnim2); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim1); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim2); bouncer.play(bounceBackAnim).after(stretchAnim2); ValueAnimator fadeAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "alpha", 1f, 0f); fadeAnim.setDuration(250); fadeAnim.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() { @Override public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) { balls.remove(((ObjectAnimator)animation).getTarget()); } }); AnimatorSet animatorSet = new AnimatorSet(); animatorSet.play(bouncer).before(fadeAnim); animatorSet.start(); return true; } private ShapeHolder initBouncingBall(float x, float y) { int red = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int green = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int blue = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int color = 0xff000000 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue; int darkColor = 0xff000000 | red/4 << 16 | green/4 << 8 | blue/4; // 实例化一个圆形 OvalShape circle = new OvalShape(); circle.resize(50f, 50f); // 设置画笔的形状 ShapeDrawable drawable = new ShapeDrawable(circle); Paint paint = drawable.getPaint(); // 第一个,第二个参数表示渐变圆中心坐标,半径,圆心颜色,圆边缘颜色,渲染器平铺模式 RadialGradient gradient = new RadialGradient(37.5f, 12.5f, 50f, color, darkColor, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP); // 给画笔设置著色器 paint.setShader(gradient); ShapeHolder shapeHolder = new ShapeHolder(drawable); shapeHolder.setX(x - 25f); shapeHolder.setY(y - 25f); shapeHolder.setPaint(paint); balls.add(shapeHolder); return shapeHolder; } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { for (int i = 0; i < balls.size(); ++i) { ShapeHolder shapeHolder = balls.get(i); canvas.save(); canvas.translate(shapeHolder.getX(), shapeHolder.getY()); shapeHolder.getShape().draw(canvas); canvas.restore(); } } } } ~~~ ~~~ package com.example.custom.animation; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.RadialGradient; import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable; import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.Shape; import android.view.View; public class ShapeHolder { private float x = 0, y = 0; private int color; private float alpha = 1f; private Paint paint; private ShapeDrawable shape; private RadialGradient gradient; public void setPaint(Paint value) { paint = value; } public Paint getPaint() { return paint; } public void setX(float value) { x = value; } public float getX() { return x; } public void setY(float value) { y = value; } public float getY() { return y; } public void setShape(ShapeDrawable value) { shape = value; } public ShapeDrawable getShape() { return shape; } public int getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(int value) { shape.getPaint().setColor(value); color = value; } public void setGradient(RadialGradient value) { gradient = value; } public RadialGradient getGradient() { return gradient; } public void setAlpha(float alpha) { this.alpha = alpha; shape.setAlpha((int)((alpha * 255f) + .5f)); } public float getWidth() { return shape.getShape().getWidth(); } public void setWidth(float width) { Shape s = shape.getShape(); s.resize(width, s.getHeight()); } public float getHeight() { return shape.getShape().getHeight(); } public void setHeight(float height) { Shape s = shape.getShape(); s.resize(s.getWidth(), height); } public ShapeHolder(ShapeDrawable s) { shape = s; } } ~~~