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快乐虾@[http://blog.csdn.net/lights_joy/](http://blog.csdn.net/lights_joy/) 欢迎转载,但请保留作者信息 本文适用于opencv3.0.0, vs2013 Opencv中提供了高斯滤波函数: ~~~ /**@brief Blurs an image using a Gaussian filter. The function convolves the source image with the specified Gaussian kernel. In-place filtering is supported. @param src input image; the image can have any number of channels, which are processed independently, but the depth should be CV_8U, CV_16U, CV_16S, CV_32F or CV_64F. @param dst output image of the same size and type as src. @param ksize Gaussian kernel size. ksize.width and ksize.height can differ but they both must be positive and odd. Or, they can be zero's and then they are computed from sigma. @param sigmaX Gaussian kernel standard deviation in X direction. @param sigmaY Gaussian kernel standard deviation in Y direction; if sigmaY is zero, it is set to be equal to sigmaX, if both sigmas are zeros, they are computed from ksize.width and ksize.height, respectively (see cv::getGaussianKernel for details); to fully control the result regardless of possible future modifications of all this semantics, it is recommended to specify all of ksize, sigmaX, and sigmaY. @param borderType pixel extrapolation method, see cv::BorderTypes @sa sepFilter2D, filter2D, blur, boxFilter, bilateralFilter, medianBlur */ CV_EXPORTS_W void GaussianBlur( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, Size ksize, double sigmaX, double sigmaY = 0, int borderType = BORDER_DEFAULT ); ~~~ 本节学习一下它的实现和使用。 ### [1.    高斯函数的定义]() 高斯函数的形式为: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_57075944e6554.jpg) 其中 a、b 与 c 为实数常数,且a > 0. 当a=1, b = 0, c = 1时,此函数图形如下: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_570759450200a.jpg) 在上面三个参数中,a控制尖峰的值,b控制中心点偏离0点的值,c控制上升速度。 当a=2, b=1, c=0.5时图形如下,可以明显看出这种影响。 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_5707594516d7a.jpg) ### 2.平滑处理中的高斯函数 由于高斯函数的可分离性,Opencv将二维高斯函数卷积分两步来进行,首先将图像与一维高斯函数进行卷积,然后将卷积结果与方向垂直的相同一维高斯函数卷积。在每个方向上都是一维的卷积,且高斯函数的形式变为了: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_570759452e491.jpg) 这里的ksize为选择的核大小,i为要计算核函数中点的序号。 这里的alpha为归一化系数,用于保证计算出的ksize个数之和为1。 当sigma<=0,则计算公式为:sigma =0.3*((ksize-1)*0.5 - 1) + 0.8 . sigma>0,则就用该输入参数sigma。  Opencv中高斯核的生成由函数getGaussianKernel完成。 ~~~ cv::Mat cv::getGaussianKernel( int n, double sigma, int ktype ) { const int SMALL_GAUSSIAN_SIZE = 7; static const float small_gaussian_tab[][SMALL_GAUSSIAN_SIZE] = { {1.f}, {0.25f, 0.5f, 0.25f}, {0.0625f, 0.25f, 0.375f, 0.25f, 0.0625f}, {0.03125f, 0.109375f, 0.21875f, 0.28125f, 0.21875f, 0.109375f, 0.03125f} }; const float* fixed_kernel = n % 2 == 1 && n <= SMALL_GAUSSIAN_SIZE && sigma <= 0 ? small_gaussian_tab[n>>1] : 0; CV_Assert( ktype == CV_32F || ktype == CV_64F ); Mat kernel(n, 1, ktype); float* cf = kernel.ptr<float>(); double* cd = kernel.ptr<double>(); double sigmaX = sigma > 0 ? sigma : ((n-1)*0.5 - 1)*0.3 + 0.8; double scale2X = -0.5/(sigmaX*sigmaX); double sum = 0; int i; for( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { double x = i - (n-1)*0.5; double t = fixed_kernel ? (double)fixed_kernel[i] : std::exp(scale2X*x*x); if( ktype == CV_32F ) { cf[i] = (float)t; sum += cf[i]; } else { cd[i] = t; sum += cd[i]; } } sum = 1./sum; for( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { if( ktype == CV_32F ) cf[i] = (float)(cf[i]*sum); else cd[i] *= sum; } return kernel; } ~~~ 这个函数其实比较简单,只是有一点需要注意: 当sigma<=0,则sigma =0.3*((ksize-1)*0.5 - 1) + 0.8 . 当ksize确定了之后,其实它就是一个常数,因而公式 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_570759452e491.jpg) 的计算结果也是一个常数。Opencv为了加快计算速度,在ksize较小时直接将这些常数值写在代码中,即small_gaussian_tab这个数组的值(注意,这个数组仅当输入的sigma参数<=0时才有效)。 ###3.sigma对滤波结果的影响 从上面的分析可以看出,高斯滤波器宽度(决定着平滑程度)是由参数σ表征的,而且σ和平滑程度的关系是非常简单的。σ越大,高斯滤波器的频带就越宽,平滑程度就越好,图像也将越模糊。通过调节平滑程度参数σ,可在图像特征过分模糊(过平滑)与平滑图像中由于噪声和细纹理所引起的过多的不希望突变量(欠平滑)之间取得折衷。 同样取核大小为5,比较一下: 当sigma为1时: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_570759455370a.jpg) 而当sigma为3时: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-08_57075945b5bdb.jpg) 显然后者的模糊程度更高。