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### 概述 Arrays类位于java.util包下,是一个对数组操作的工具类。今天详细的看了看Arrays类的4千多行源码,现将Arrays类中的方法做一个总结(JDK版本:1.6.0_34)。Arrays类中的方法可以分为八类: - sort(对数组排序) - binarySearch(二分法查找数组中的元素) - equals(比较两个数组是否相等) - fill(对数组中的指定位置填充相同的内容) - copyOf(数组拷贝) - asList(将数组转换为一个固定的List对象) - hashCode(计算数组的哈希值) - toString(以特定格式输出数组) ### 举例说明 **说明:以下的代码均为摘抄的java.util.Arrays类中的源码,注释为本人所加。** ### sort ~~~ //对数组a进行排序 public static void sort(long[] a) { sort1(a, 0, a.length); } //对数组a中的从fromIndex(包含)至toIndex(不包含)的值进行排序 public static void sort(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); sort1(a, fromIndex, toIndex-fromIndex); } /** 对基本类型数组的排序有以上两种方法,这里只摘出了long类型的。sort1方法篇幅原因没有摘出来,在sort1方法中使用的是经过调优的快速排序算法(tuned quicksort)。 **/ .......... .......... .......... //对对象类型进行排序 public static void sort(Object[] a) { Object[] aux = (Object[])a.clone(); mergeSort(aux, a, 0, a.length, 0); } //对对象a中的从fromIndex(包含)至toIndex(不包含)的值进行排序 public static void sort(Object[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); Object[] aux = copyOfRange(a, fromIndex, toIndex); mergeSort(aux, a, fromIndex, toIndex, -fromIndex); } /** 对对象类型数组的排序有以上两种方法,在mergeSort方法中使用的是经过修改的归并排序算法(modified mergesort)。 **/ ~~~ ### binarySearch ~~~ public static int binarySearch(long[] a, long key) { return binarySearch0(a, 0, a.length, key); } public static int binarySearch(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, long key) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); return binarySearch0(a, fromIndex, toIndex, key); } /** 对数组中元素的查找有以上两种方法,在binarySearch0方法中使用的是二分查找法。并且对基本类型和对象类型的数组查找是同样的操作。 **/ ~~~ ### equals ~~~ //比较基本类型数组是否相等 public static boolean equals(long[] a, long[] a2) { if (a==a2) return true; if (a==null || a2==null) return false; int length = a.length; if (a2.length != length) return false; for (int i=0; i<length; i++) if (a[i] != a2[i]) return false; /** 对于double类型,使用的是: if (Double.doubleToLongBits(a[i])!=Double.doubleToLongBits(a2[i])) return false; 对于float类型,使用的是: if (Float.floatToIntBits(a[i])!=Float.floatToIntBits(a2[i])) return false; 这样做是为了精确比较。 **/ return true; } ..... ..... ..... //比较Object类型数组是否相等 public static boolean equals(Object[] a, Object[] a2) { if (a==a2) return true; if (a==null || a2==null) return false; int length = a.length; if (a2.length != length) return false; for (int i=0; i<length; i++) { Object o1 = a[i]; Object o2 = a2[i]; if (!(o1==null ? o2==null : o1.equals(o2))) return false; } return true; } ..... ..... ..... //深度比较两个数组是否相等 public static boolean deepEquals(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) { if (a1 == a2) return true; if (a1 == null || a2==null) return false; int length = a1.length; if (a2.length != length) return false; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Object e1 = a1[i]; Object e2 = a2[i]; if (e1 == e2) continue; if (e1 == null) return false; // Figure out whether the two elements are equal boolean eq; if (e1 instanceof Object[] && e2 instanceof Object[]) eq = deepEquals ((Object[]) e1, (Object[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof byte[] && e2 instanceof byte[]) eq = equals((byte[]) e1, (byte[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof short[] && e2 instanceof short[]) eq = equals((short[]) e1, (short[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof int[] && e2 instanceof int[]) eq = equals((int[]) e1, (int[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof long[] && e2 instanceof long[]) eq = equals((long[]) e1, (long[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof char[] && e2 instanceof char[]) eq = equals((char[]) e1, (char[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof float[] && e2 instanceof float[]) eq = equals((float[]) e1, (float[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof double[] && e2 instanceof double[]) eq = equals((double[]) e1, (double[]) e2); else if (e1 instanceof boolean[] && e2 instanceof boolean[]) eq = equals((boolean[]) e1, (boolean[]) e2); else eq = e1.equals(e2); if (!eq) return false; } return true; } ~~~ ### fill ~~~ //使用val对a数组进行数据填充 public static void fill(long[] a, long val) { fill(a, 0, a.length, val); } //使用val对a数组从fromIndex(包含)至toIndex(不包含)位置进行数据填充 public static void fill(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, long val) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); for (int i=fromIndex; i<toIndex; i++) a[i] = val; } ~~~ ### copyOf ~~~ //拷贝从0开始的newLength个 public static byte[] copyOf(byte[] original, int newLength) { byte[] copy = new byte[newLength]; System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length, newLength)); return copy; } ..... ..... ..... //拷贝从from(包含)位置到to(不包含)的元素 public static byte[] copyOfRange(byte[] original, int from, int to) { int newLength = to - from; if (newLength < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to); byte[] copy = new byte[newLength]; System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length - from, newLength)); return copy; } /** 拷贝方法有以上两种,对于基本类型和对象操作是一样的。而System.arraycopy()方法为浅拷贝,故如果是对象数组的拷贝,只是拷贝了对象的引用,没有重新new每一个对象。 **/ ~~~ ### asList 没有深究。。。。。。 ### hashCode ~~~ //对基本数据类型的hashcode的计算 public static int hashCode(long a[]) { if (a == null) return 0; int result = 1; for (long element : a) { //对于不同的基本数据类型,计算hashcode的具体操作是不一样的 int elementHash = (int)(element ^ (element >>> 32)); result = 31 * result + elementHash; } return result; } .... .... .... //对于Object类型数组的hashcode的计算 public static int hashCode(Object a[]) { if (a == null) return 0; int result = 1; for (Object element : a) result = 31 * result + (element == null ? 0 : element.hashCode()); return result; } .... .... .... //对于数组的hashcode值的深度计算 public static int deepHashCode(Object a[]) { if (a == null) return 0; int result = 1; for (Object element : a) { int elementHash = 0; if (element instanceof Object[]) elementHash = deepHashCode((Object[]) element); else if (element instanceof byte[]) elementHash = hashCode((byte[]) element); else if (element instanceof short[]) elementHash = hashCode((short[]) element); else if (element instanceof int[]) elementHash = hashCode((int[]) element); else if (element instanceof long[]) elementHash = hashCode((long[]) element); else if (element instanceof char[]) elementHash = hashCode((char[]) element); else if (element instanceof float[]) elementHash = hashCode((float[]) element); else if (element instanceof double[]) elementHash = hashCode((double[]) element); else if (element instanceof boolean[]) elementHash = hashCode((boolean[]) element); else if (element != null) elementHash = element.hashCode(); result = 31 * result + elementHash; } return result; } ~~~ ### toString ~~~ //基本数据类型转字符串 public static String toString(long[] a) { if (a == null) return "null"; int iMax = a.length - 1; if (iMax == -1) return "[]"; StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); b.append('['); for (int i = 0; ; i++) { b.append(a[i]); if (i == iMax) return b.append(']').toString(); b.append(", "); } } ..... ..... ..... //Object类型使用valueOf方法转字符串 public static String toString(Object[] a) { if (a == null) return "null"; int iMax = a.length - 1; if (iMax == -1) return "[]"; StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); b.append('['); for (int i = 0; ; i++) { b.append(String.valueOf(a[i])); if (i == iMax) return b.append(']').toString(); b.append(", "); } } ..... ..... ..... //深度转换字符串 public static String deepToString(Object[] a) { if (a == null) return "null"; int bufLen = 20 * a.length; if (a.length != 0 && bufLen <= 0) bufLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE; StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(bufLen); deepToString(a, buf, new HashSet()); return buf.toString(); } private static void deepToString(Object[] a, StringBuilder buf, Set<Object[]> dejaVu) { if (a == null) { buf.append("null"); return; } dejaVu.add(a); buf.append('['); for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { if (i != 0) buf.append(", "); Object element = a[i]; if (element == null) { buf.append("null"); } else { Class eClass = element.getClass(); if (eClass.isArray()) { if (eClass == byte[].class) buf.append(toString((byte[]) element)); else if (eClass == short[].class) buf.append(toString((short[]) element)); else if (eClass == int[].class) buf.append(toString((int[]) element)); else if (eClass == long[].class) buf.append(toString((long[]) element)); else if (eClass == char[].class) buf.append(toString((char[]) element)); else if (eClass == float[].class) buf.append(toString((float[]) element)); else if (eClass == double[].class) buf.append(toString((double[]) element)); else if (eClass == boolean[].class) buf.append(toString((boolean[]) element)); else { // element is an array of object references if (dejaVu.contains(element)) buf.append("[...]"); else deepToString((Object[])element, buf, dejaVu); } } else { // element is non-null and not an array buf.append(element.toString()); } } } buf.append(']'); dejaVu.remove(a); } ~~~