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[TOC] # 加密/解密 Phalcon通过`Phalcon\Crypt`组件提供加密功能。该类为[openssl](http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.openssl.php) PHP的加密库提供了简单的面向对象的包装器。 默认情况下,此组件使用AES-256-CFB提供安全加密。 密码AES-256用于Internet上的SSL/TLS中的其他位置。它被认为是顶级密码之一。理论上它是不可破解的,因为密钥的组合是巨大的。尽管NSA已将此分类在[Suite B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_Suite_B_Cryptography)中,但他们还建议使用高于128位的密钥进行加密。 >[warning] 您必须使用与当前算法相对应的密钥长度。对于默认使用的算法,它是32个字节。 如果在对象构造期间未选择用于计算摘要(签名)的算法,则默认选择aes-256-cfb。 ## 基础使用 该组件设计非常简单易用: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); /** * Set the cipher algorithm. * * The `aes-256-gcm' is the preferable cipher, but it is not usable until the * openssl library is upgraded, which is available in PHP 7.1. * * The `aes-256-ctr' is arguably the best choice for cipher * algorithm in these days. */ $crypt->setCipher('aes-256-ctr'); /** * Set the encryption key. * * The `$key' should have been previously generated in a cryptographically safe way. * * Bad key: * "le password" * * Better (but still unsafe): * "#1dj8$=dp?.ak//j1V$~%*0X" * * Good key: * "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3" * * Use your own key. Do not copy and paste this example key. */ $key = "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3"; $text = 'This is the text that you want to encrypt.'; $encrypted = $crypt->encrypt($text, $key); echo $crypt->decrypt($encrypted, $key); ``` 您还可以设置算法以及在对象构造期间是否计算消息的摘要(签名)。这消除了调用`setCipher()`和`useSigning()`的需要: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt('aes-256-ctr', true); $key = "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3"; $text = 'This is the text that you want to encrypt.'; $encrypted = $crypt->encrypt($text, $key); echo $crypt->decrypt($encrypted, $key); ``` 您可以使用相同的实例多次加密/解密: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; $crypt->setCipher('aes-256-ctr'); // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); // Use your own keys! $texts = [ "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x054t7w!z%C*F-Jk\x98\x05\\\x5c" => 'This is a secret text', "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3" => 'This is a very secret', ]; foreach ($texts as $key => $text) { // Perform the encryption $encrypted = $crypt->encrypt($text, $key); // Now decrypt echo $crypt->decrypt($encrypted, $key); } ``` 为了更好的安全性,您可以指示组件根据 `getAvailableHashAlgos` 返回的受支持算法之一计算消息摘要。如上所示,该算法可以在对象实例化期间设置,但也可以在之后设置。 **注意** 默认情况下,Phalcon 4.0.0或更高版本将启用计算消息摘要(签名)。 ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); $crypt->setCipher('aes-256-ctr'); $crypt->setHashAlgo('aes-256-cfb'); // Force calculation of a digest of the message based on the Hash algorithm $crypt->useSigning(true); $key = "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x054t7w!z%C*F-Jk\x98\x05\\\x5c"; $text = 'This is a secret text'; // Perform the encryption $encrypted = $crypt->encrypt($text, $key); // Now decrypt echo $crypt->decrypt($encrypted, $key); ``` ## 加密选项 以下选项可用于更改加密行为: | 名称 | 描述 | | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Cipher | 密码是openssl支持的加密算法之一。你可以在[这里](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-get-cipher-methods.php)看到一个列表| 案例: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); // Use blowfish $crypt->setCipher('bf-cbc'); // Use your own key! $key = "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3"; $text = 'This is a secret text'; echo $crypt->encrypt($text, $key); ``` 如果要检查系统支持的可用算法,可以调用 `getAvailableHashAlgos()` 方法。 ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); // Get the supported algorithms $algorithms = $crypt->getAvailableHashAlgos(); var_dump($algorithms); ``` ## Base64支持 为了正确传输(电子邮件)或显示(浏览器)加密,[base64](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.base64-encode.php)编码通常应用于加密文本: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; // Create an instance $crypt = new Crypt(); // Use your own key! $key = "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3"; $text = 'This is a secret text'; $encrypt = $crypt->encryptBase64($text, $key); echo $crypt->decryptBase64($encrypt, $key); ``` ## 设置加密服务 您可以在服务容器中设置加密组件,以便从应用程序的任何部分使用它: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Crypt; $di->set( 'crypt', function () { $crypt = new Crypt(); // Set a global encryption key $crypt->setKey( "T4\xb1\x8d\xa9\x98\x05\\\x8c\xbe\x1d\x07&[\x99\x18\xa4~Lc1\xbeW\xb3" ); return $crypt; }, true ); ``` 然后,例如,在控制器中,您可以按如下方式使用它: ```php <?php use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller; class SecretsController extends Controller { public function saveAction() { $secret = new Secrets(); $text = $this->request->getPost('text'); $secret->content = $this->crypt->encrypt($text); if ($secret->save()) { $this->flash->success( 'Secret was successfully created!' ); } } } ``` ## 链接 * [Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) * [What is block cipher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher) * [Introduction to Blowfish](http://www.splashdata.com/splashid/blowfish.htm) * [CTR-Mode Encryption](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.79.1353&rep=rep1&type=pdf) * [Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Methods and Techniques](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-38a/final) * [Counter (CTR) mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29)