## 安装 >pip install apscheduler ## APScheduler有四种组成部分：   触发器(trigger)包含调度逻辑，每一个作业有它自己的触发器，用于决定接下来哪一个作业会运行。除了他们自己初始配置意外，触发器完全是无状态的。   作业存储(job store)存储被调度的作业，默认的作业存储是简单地把作业保存在内存中，其他的作业存储是将作业保存在数据库中。一个作业的数据讲在保存在持久化作业存储时被序列化，并在加载时被反序列化。调度器不能分享同一个作业存储。   执行器(executor)处理作业的运行，他们通常通过在作业中提交制定的可调用对象到一个线程或者进城池来进行。当作业完成时，执行器将会通知调度器。   调度器(scheduler)是其他的组成部分。你通常在应用只有一个调度器，应用的开发者通常不会直接处理作业存储、调度器和触发器，相反，调度器提供了处理这些的合适的接口。配置作业存储和执行器可以在调度器中完成，例如添加、修改和移除作业。 一. cron定时调度（某一定时时刻执行） ``` (int|str) 表示参数既可以是int类型，也可以是str类型 (datetime | str) 表示参数既可以是datetime类型，也可以是str类型 year (int|str) – 4-digit year -（表示四位数的年份，如2008年） month (int|str) – month (1-12) -（表示取值范围为1-12月） day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) -（表示取值范围为1-31日） week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) -（格里历2006年12月31日可以写成2006年-W52-7（扩展形式）或2006W527（紧凑形式）） day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) - （表示一周中的第几天，既可以用0-6表示也可以用其英语缩写表示） hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) - （表示取值范围为0-23时） minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) - （表示取值范围为0-59分） second (int|str) – second (0-59) - （表示取值范围为0-59秒） start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) - （表示开始时间） end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) - （表示结束时间） timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) -（表示时区取值） ``` - 参数的取值格式：  - 例子： ``` #表示2017年3月22日17时19分07秒执行该程序 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', year=2017,month = 03,day = 22,hour = 17,minute = 19,second = 07) #表示任务在6,7,8,11,12月份的第三个星期五的00:00,01:00,02:00,03:00 执行该程序 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', month='6-8,11-12', day='3rd fri', hour='0-3') #表示从星期一到星期五5:30（AM）直到2014-05-30 00:00:00 sched.add_job(my_job(), 'cron', day_of_week='mon-fri', hour=5, minute=30,end_date='2014-05-30') #表示每5秒执行该程序一次，相当于interval 间隔调度中seconds = 5 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron',second = '*/5') ``` 二. interval 间隔调度（每隔多久执行） ``` weeks (int) – number of weeks to wait days (int) – number of days to wait hours (int) – number of hours to wait minutes (int) – number of minutes to wait seconds (int) – number of seconds to wait start_date (datetime|str) – starting point for the interval calculation end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations ``` 三. date 定时调度（作业只会执行一次） ``` run_date (datetime|str) – the date/time to run the job at -（任务开始的时间） timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone for run_date if it doesn’t have one already ``` # 例子 - 非阻塞方式，每隔3s执行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)　　#间隔3秒钟执行一次 scheduler.start() #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任务是独立的线程执行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 非阻塞方式，在指定时间执行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05')　　#在指定的时间，只执行一次 scheduler.start() #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任务是独立的线程执行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 非阻塞执行方式，采用Cron执行 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05') scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5') ''' year (int|str) – 4-digit year month (int|str) – month (1-12) day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) second (int|str) – second (0-59) start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) * any Fire on every value */a any Fire every a values, starting from the minimum a-b any Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) a-b/c any Fire every c values within the a-b range xth y day Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month last x day Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month last day Fire on the last day within the month x,y,z any Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions ''' scheduler.start() #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任务是独立的线程执行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 阻塞方式，每隔3s执行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 采用阻塞的方法，只执行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if name == 'main': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:23:05') print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 采用阻塞的方式，使用cron的调度方法 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if name == 'main': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5') ''' year (int|str) – 4-digit year month (int|str) – month (1-12) day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) second (int|str) – second (0-59) start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) * any Fire on every value */a any Fire every a values, starting from the minimum a-b any Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) a-b/c any Fire every c values within the a-b range xth y day Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month last x day Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month last day Fire on the last day within the month x,y,z any Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions ''' print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ```