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## 类选择器设置 CSS 样式 通过 CSS 的类选择器为 HTML 页面中的元素定义 CSS 样式,是我们开发中比较常见的一种方式。 我们也可以通过 HTML 页面元素 class 属性获取其对应的 CSS 样式。 ```html <style> .button { background-color: orange; } </style> ``` ## Element 对象的 className 属性 Element 对象提供了 className 属性用于获取 HTML 页面中指定元素的 class 属性值。 > **值得注意的是:** Element 对象提供的是 className 属性,并不是 class 属性。原因是 class 在 JavaScript 中是关键字。 className 属性的的语法结构如下: ```javascript var cName = elementNodeReference.className; ``` 上述语法结构中,className 属性返回值 cName 表示一个字符串变量。表示当前元素的class属性的值,可以是由空格分隔的多个class属性值。 我们可以通过以下示例代码,学习 className 属性的使用: ```javascript var btn = document.getElementById('btn'); console.log(btn.className); ``` 上述示例代码输出的结果如下: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/9a076a87ff0a67b1107af354871e5c68_386x71.png) ## Element 对象的 classList 属性 Element 对象的 className 属性虽然可以获取 HTML 页面中指定元素的 class 属性值,但返回值的是字符串类型。如果 HTML 页面中指定元素的 class 属性值为多个样式的话,对于我们操作会比较麻烦。 Element 对象还提供了 classList 属性,该属性可以获取 HTML 页面指定元素的 class 属性值的列表。其语法结构如下: ```javascript var elementClasses = elementNodeReference.classList; ``` 上述语法结构中,classList 属性返回值 elementClasses 表示HTML 页面元素的 class 属性值所组成的列表。 我们可以通过以下示例代码,学习 classList 属性的使用: ```javascript var btn = document.getElementById('btn'); var elemClasses = btn.classList; for(var i=0; i<elemClasses.length; i++){ var elemClass = elemClasses[i]; console.log(elemClass); } ``` 上述示例代码输出的结果如下: ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2767bcdbf438d64ff39b3fc9ab6421f6_225x146.png) ## 浏览器兼容问题 Element 对象的 classList 属性,在 IE 8 及之前版本的浏览器中并不支持。所以,我们要想在各个浏览器中都支持该属性。 需要在 HTML 页面中引入以下 JavaScript 文件: ```javascript /* * classList.js: Cross-browser full element.classList implementation. * 1.1.20170427 * * By Eli Grey, http://eligrey.com * License: Dedicated to the public domain. * See https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/blob/master/LICENSE.md */ /*global self, document, DOMException */ /*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/classList.js/blob/master/classList.js */ if ("document" in self) { // Full polyfill for browsers with no classList support // Including IE < Edge missing SVGElement.classList if (!("classList" in document.createElement("_")) || document.createElementNS && !("classList" in document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","g"))) { (function (view) { "use strict"; if (!('Element' in view)) return; var classListProp = "classList" , protoProp = "prototype" , elemCtrProto = view.Element[protoProp] , objCtr = Object , strTrim = String[protoProp].trim || function () { return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ""); } , arrIndexOf = Array[protoProp].indexOf || function (item) { var i = 0 , len = this.length ; for (; i < len; i++) { if (i in this && this[i] === item) { return i; } } return -1; } // Vendors: please allow content code to instantiate DOMExceptions , DOMEx = function (type, message) { this.name = type; this.code = DOMException[type]; this.message = message; } , checkTokenAndGetIndex = function (classList, token) { if (token === "") { throw new DOMEx( "SYNTAX_ERR" , "An invalid or illegal string was specified" ); } if (/\s/.test(token)) { throw new DOMEx( "INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR" , "String contains an invalid character" ); } return arrIndexOf.call(classList, token); } , ClassList = function (elem) { var trimmedClasses = strTrim.call(elem.getAttribute("class") || "") , classes = trimmedClasses ? trimmedClasses.split(/\s+/) : [] , i = 0 , len = classes.length ; for (; i < len; i++) { this.push(classes[i]); } this._updateClassName = function () { elem.setAttribute("class", this.toString()); }; } , classListProto = ClassList[protoProp] = [] , classListGetter = function () { return new ClassList(this); } ; // Most DOMException implementations don't allow calling DOMException's toString() // on non-DOMExceptions. Error's toString() is sufficient here. DOMEx[protoProp] = Error[protoProp]; classListProto.item = function (i) { return this[i] || null; }; classListProto.contains = function (token) { token += ""; return checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token) !== -1; }; classListProto.add = function () { var tokens = arguments , i = 0 , l = tokens.length , token , updated = false ; do { token = tokens[i] + ""; if (checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token) === -1) { this.push(token); updated = true; } } while (++i < l); if (updated) { this._updateClassName(); } }; classListProto.remove = function () { var tokens = arguments , i = 0 , l = tokens.length , token , updated = false , index ; do { token = tokens[i] + ""; index = checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token); while (index !== -1) { this.splice(index, 1); updated = true; index = checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token); } } while (++i < l); if (updated) { this._updateClassName(); } }; classListProto.toggle = function (token, force) { token += ""; var result = this.contains(token) , method = result ? force !== true && "remove" : force !== false && "add" ; if (method) { this[method](token); } if (force === true || force === false) { return force; } else { return !result; } }; classListProto.toString = function () { return this.join(" "); }; if (objCtr.defineProperty) { var classListPropDesc = { get: classListGetter , enumerable: true , configurable: true }; try { objCtr.defineProperty(elemCtrProto, classListProp, classListPropDesc); } catch (ex) { // IE 8 doesn't support enumerable:true // adding undefined to fight this issue https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/issues/36 // modernie IE8-MSW7 machine has IE8 8.0.6001.18702 and is affected if (ex.number === undefined || ex.number === -0x7FF5EC54) { classListPropDesc.enumerable = false; objCtr.defineProperty(elemCtrProto, classListProp, classListPropDesc); } } } else if (objCtr[protoProp].__defineGetter__) { elemCtrProto.__defineGetter__(classListProp, classListGetter); } }(self)); } // There is full or partial native classList support, so just check if we need // to normalize the add/remove and toggle APIs. (function () { "use strict"; var testElement = document.createElement("_"); testElement.classList.add("c1", "c2"); // Polyfill for IE 10/11 and Firefox <26, where classList.add and // classList.remove exist but support only one argument at a time. if (!testElement.classList.contains("c2")) { var createMethod = function(method) { var original = DOMTokenList.prototype[method]; DOMTokenList.prototype[method] = function(token) { var i, len = arguments.length; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { token = arguments[i]; original.call(this, token); } }; }; createMethod('add'); createMethod('remove'); } testElement.classList.toggle("c3", false); // Polyfill for IE 10 and Firefox <24, where classList.toggle does not // support the second argument. if (testElement.classList.contains("c3")) { var _toggle = DOMTokenList.prototype.toggle; DOMTokenList.prototype.toggle = function(token, force) { if (1 in arguments && !this.contains(token) === !force) { return force; } else { return _toggle.call(this, token); } }; } testElement = null; }()); } ``` 该文件的下载地址为: [https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/blob/master/classList.js](https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/blob/master/classList.js)