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# 1.3-常见Object方法 # 1.3-常见Object方法 [原文链接](http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/CommonObjectUtilitiesExplained) **译者:** 沈义扬 **equals** 当一个对象中的字段可以为null时,实现Object.equals方法会很痛苦,因为不得不分别对它们进行null检查。使用[`Objects.equal`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/base/Objects.html#equal%28java.lang.Object,%20java.lang.Object%29)帮助你执行null敏感的equals判断,从而避免抛出NullPointerException。例如: ``` <pre class="calibre11">``` Objects.equal("a", "a"); // returns true Objects.equal(null, "a"); // returns false Objects.equal("a", null); // returns false Objects.equal(null, null); // returns true ``` ``` *注意:JDK7引入的Objects类提供了一样的方法*[`_Objects.equals_`](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Objects.html#equals%28java.lang.Object,%20java.lang.Object%29)*。* **hashCode** 用对象的所有字段作散列\[hash\]运算应当更简单。Guava的[`Objects.hashCode(Object...)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/base/Objects.html#hashCode%28java.lang.Object...%29)会对传入的字段序列计算出合理的、顺序敏感的散列值。你可以使用Objects.hashCode(field1, field2, …, fieldn)来代替手动计算散列值。 *注意:JDK7引入的Objects类提供了一样的方法*[`_Objects.hash(Object...)_`](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Objects.html#hash%28java.lang.Object...%29) **toString** 好的toString方法在调试时是无价之宝,但是编写toString方法有时候却很痛苦。使用 [Objects.toStringHelper](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/base/Objects.html#toStringHelper%28java.lang.Object%29)可以轻松编写有用的toString方法。例如: ``` <pre class="calibre11">``` // Returns "ClassName{x=1}" Objects.toStringHelper(this).add("x", 1).toString(); // Returns "MyObject{x=1}" Objects.toStringHelper("MyObject").add("x", 1).toString(); ``` ``` **compare/compareTo** 实现一个比较器\[Comparator\],或者直接实现Comparable接口有时也伤不起。考虑一下这种情况: ``` <pre class="calibre11">``` class Person implements Comparable<Person> { private String lastName; private String firstName; private int zipCode; public int compareTo(Person other) { int cmp = lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); if (cmp != 0) { return cmp; } cmp = firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); if (cmp != 0) { return cmp; } return Integer.compare(zipCode, other.zipCode); } } ``` ``` 这部分代码太琐碎了,因此很容易搞乱,也很难调试。我们应该能把这种代码变得更优雅,为此,Guava提供了[`ComparisonChain`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/collect/ComparisonChain.html)。 ComparisonChain执行一种懒比较:它执行比较操作直至发现非零的结果,在那之后的比较输入将被忽略。 ``` <pre class="calibre11">``` public int compareTo(Foo that) { return ComparisonChain.start() .compare(this.aString, that.aString) .compare(this.anInt, that.anInt) .compare(this.anEnum, that.anEnum, Ordering.natural().nullsLast()) .result(); } ``` ``` 这种[Fluent接口](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface)风格的可读性更高,发生错误编码的几率更小,并且能避免做不必要的工作。更多Guava排序器工具可以在下一节里找到。