实战多阶段构建 Laravel 镜像 · Docker 学习

# 实战多阶段构建 Laravel 镜像 > 本节适用于 PHP 开发者阅读。 ## 准备新建一个 `Laravel` 项目或在已有的 `Laravel` 项目根目录下新建 `Dockerfile` `.dockerignore` `laravel.conf` 文件。在 `.dockerignore` 文件中写入以下内容。 ```bash .idea/ .git/ vendor/ node_modules/ public/js/ public/css/ yarn-error.log bootstrap/cache/* storage/ # 自行添加其他需要排除的文件，例如 .env.* 文件 ``` 在 `laravel.conf` 文件中写入 nginx 配置。 ```text server { listen 80 default_server; root /app/laravel/public; index index.php index.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } location ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ { fastcgi_pass laravel:9000; include fastcgi.conf; # fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; # fastcgi_send_timeout 300; # fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } } ``` ## 前端构建第一阶段进行前端构建。 ```text FROM node:alpine as frontend COPY package.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org COPY webpack.mix.js /app/ COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/ RUN cd /app \ && npm run production ``` ## 安装 Composer 依赖第二阶段安装 Composer 依赖。 ```text FROM composer as composer COPY database/ /app/database/ COPY composer.json composer.lock /app/ RUN cd /app \ && composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/ \ && composer install \ --ignore-platform-reqs \ --no-interaction \ --no-plugins \ --no-scripts \ --prefer-dist ``` ## 整合以上阶段所生成的文件第三阶段对以上阶段生成的文件进行整合。 ```text FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/ COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH} COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/ COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/ COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \ && php artisan package:discover \ && mkdir -p storage \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/views \ && mkdir -p storage/logs \ && chmod -R 777 storage ``` ## 最后一个阶段构建 NGINX 镜像 ```text FROM nginx:alpine as nginx ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ``` ## 构建 Laravel 及 Nginx 镜像使用 `docker build` 命令构建镜像。 ```bash $ docker build -t my/laravel --target=laravel . $ docker build -t my/nginx --target=nginx . ``` ## 启动容器并测试新建 Docker 网络 ```bash $ docker network create laravel ``` 启动 laravel 容器， `--name=laravel` 参数设定的名字必须与 `nginx` 配置文件中的 `fastcgi_pass laravel:9000;` 一致 ```bash $ docker run -it --rm --name=laravel --network=laravel my/laravel ``` 启动 nginx 容器 ```bash $ docker run -it --rm --network=laravel -p 8080:80 my/nginx ``` 浏览器访问 `127.0.0.1:8080` 可以看到 Laravel 项目首页。 > 也许 Laravel 项目依赖其他外部服务，例如 redis、MySQL，请自行启动这些服务之后再进行测试，本小节不再赘述。 ## 生产环境优化本小节内容为了方便测试，将配置文件直接放到了镜像中，实际在使用时 **建议** 将配置文件作为 `config` 或 `secret` 挂载到容器中，请读者自行学习 `Swarm mode` 或 `Kubernetes` 的相关内容。 ## 附录完整的 `Dockerfile` 文件如下。 ```text FROM node:alpine as frontend COPY package.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org COPY webpack.mix.js /app/ COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/ RUN cd /app \ && npm run production FROM composer as composer COPY database/ /app/database/ COPY composer.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/ \ && composer install \ --ignore-platform-reqs \ --no-interaction \ --no-plugins \ --no-scripts \ --prefer-dist FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/ COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH} COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/ COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/ COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \ && php artisan package:discover \ && mkdir -p storage \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/views \ && mkdir -p storage/logs \ && chmod -R 777 storage FROM nginx:alpine as nginx ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ```