##实战c++中的vector系列--vector应用之STL的find、find_if、find_end、find_first_of、find_if_not(C++11)
使用vector容器，即避免不了进行查找，所以今天就罗列一些stl的find算法应用于vector中。
**find()**
Returns an iterator to the first element in the range [first,last) that compares equal to val. If no such element is found, the function returns last.
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::find
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main () {
// using std::find with array and pointer:
int myints[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
int * p;
p = std::find (myints, myints+4, 30);
if (p != myints+4)
std::cout << "Element found in myints: " << *p << '\n';
else
std::cout << "Element not found in myints\n";
// using std::find with vector and iterator:
std::vector<int> myvector (myints,myints+4);
std::vector<int>::iterator it;
it = find (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 30);
if (it != myvector.end())
std::cout << "Element found in myvector: " << *it << '\n';
else
std::cout << "Element not found in myvector\n";
return 0;
}
//
30
30
~~~
**find_end()**
Searches the range [first1,last1) for the last occurrence of the sequence defined by [first2,last2), and returns an iterator to its first element, or last1 if no occurrences are found.
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::find_end
#include <vector> // std::vector
bool myfunction (int i, int j) {
return (i==j);
}
int main () {
int myints[] = {1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5};
std::vector<int> haystack (myints,myints+10);
int needle1[] = {1,2,3};
// using default comparison:
std::vector<int>::iterator it;
it = std::find_end (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle1, needle1+3);
if (it!=haystack.end())
std::cout << "needle1 last found at position " << (it-haystack.begin()) << '\n';
int needle2[] = {4,5,1};
// using predicate comparison:
it = std::find_end (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle2, needle2+3, myfunction);
if (it!=haystack.end())
std::cout << "needle2 last found at position " << (it-haystack.begin()) << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出：
5
3
~~~
**find_if()**
Returns an iterator to the first element in the range [first,last) for which pred returns true. If no such element is found, the function returns last.
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::find_if
#include <vector> // std::vector
bool IsOdd (int i) {
return ((i%2)==1);
}
int main () {
std::vector<int> myvector;
myvector.push_back(10);
myvector.push_back(25);
myvector.push_back(40);
myvector.push_back(55);
std::vector<int>::iterator it = std::find_if (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), IsOdd);
std::cout << "The first odd value is " << *it << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出：
25
~~~
顺便说一句可以使用lambda表达式代替IsOdd函数，使得更加简洁。
**find_first_of()**
Returns an iterator to the first element in the range [first1,last1) that matches any of the elements in [first2,last2). If no such element is found, the function returns last1.
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::find_first_of
#include <vector> // std::vector
#include <cctype> // std::tolower
bool comp_case_insensitive (char c1, char c2) {
return (std::tolower(c1)==std::tolower(c2));
}
int main () {
int mychars[] = {'a','b','c','A','B','C'};
std::vector<char> haystack (mychars,mychars+6);
std::vector<char>::iterator it;
int needle[] = {'A','B','C'};
// using default comparison:
it = find_first_of (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle, needle+3);
if (it!=haystack.end())
std::cout << "The first match is: " << *it << '\n';
// using predicate comparison:
it = find_first_of (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
needle, needle+3, comp_case_insensitive);
if (it!=haystack.end())
std::cout << "The first match is: " << *it << '\n';
return 0;
}
输出：
A
a
~~~
**find_if_not()**
最后出厂这个 我们应该重视一些 是C++11才有的方法。个人觉得用处很多，看看官方的描述：
Returns an iterator to the first element in the range [first,last) for which pred returns false. If no such element is found, the function returns last.
例子：
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::find_if_not
#include <array> // std::array
int main () {
std::array<int,5> foo = {1,2,3,4,5};
std::array<int,5>::iterator it =
std::find_if_not (foo.begin(), foo.end(), [](int i){return i%2;} );
std::cout << "The first even value is " << *it << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出：
2
~~~
最后 再来一个程序：
~~~
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
struct value_t
{
int a;
int b;
};
class vector_finder
{
public:
vector_finder(const int a) :m_i_a(a) {}
bool operator ()(const std::vector<struct value_t>::value_type &value)
{
return value.a == m_i_a;
}
private:
int m_i_a;
};
int main()
{
std::vector<struct value_t> my_vector;
struct value_t my_value;
my_value.a = 11; my_value.b = 1000;
my_vector.push_back(my_value);
my_value.a = 12; my_value.b = 1000;
my_vector.push_back(my_value);
my_value.a = 13; my_value.b = 1000;
my_vector.push_back(my_value);
my_value.a = 14; my_value.b = 1000;
my_vector.push_back(my_value);
std::vector<struct value_t>::iterator it = my_vector.end();
it = std::find_if(my_vector.begin(), my_vector.end(), vector_finder(13));
if (it == my_vector.end())
printf("not found\n");
else
printf("found value.a:%d value.b:%d\n", it->a, it->b);
return 0;
}
~~~
最后来一个实战中用到的，`vector<string>`中的string的首字母按照字母表进行排序：
~~~
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::stable_sort
#include <vector> // std::vector
#include <string>
static char ch = 'a';
bool myfunction(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs)
{
return lhs < rhs;
}
bool myfunction2(const std::string& lhs)
{
return lhs[0] == ch;
}
int main() {
std::vector<std::string> myvector;
myvector.push_back("wo");
myvector.push_back("wi");
myvector.push_back("wa");
myvector.push_back("ao");
myvector.push_back("bo");
myvector.push_back("ae");
myvector.push_back("bv");
myvector.push_back("cd");
myvector.push_back("ef");
myvector.push_back("gd");
myvector.push_back("ww");
myvector.push_back("cd");
myvector.push_back("at");
myvector.push_back("bt");
myvector.push_back("ct");
myvector.push_back("dt");
myvector.push_back("et");
myvector.push_back("ft");
myvector.push_back("gt");
myvector.push_back("ht");
myvector.push_back("it");
myvector.push_back("jt");
myvector.push_back("kt");
myvector.push_back("lt");
myvector.push_back("mt");
myvector.push_back("nt");
myvector.push_back("ot");
myvector.push_back("pt");
myvector.push_back("qt");
myvector.push_back("rt");
myvector.push_back("st");
myvector.push_back("tt");
myvector.push_back("ut");
myvector.push_back("vt");
myvector.push_back("wt");
myvector.push_back("xt");
//myvector.push_back("yt");
myvector.push_back("zt");
myvector.push_back("qt");
myvector.push_back("et");
myvector.push_back("ee");
std::stable_sort(myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), myfunction);
for (std::string &s : myvector)
std::cout << s << " ";
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "===============" << std::endl;
for (int i = 1;i < 27; i++)
{
auto it_begin = std::find_if(myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), myfunction2);
auto it_end = std::find_if_not(it_begin, myvector.end(), myfunction2);
for (auto i = it_begin; i != it_end; i++)
{
std::cout << *i << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
ch++;
}
return 0;
}
//输出：
ae ao at bo bt bv cd cd ct dt ee ef et et ft gd gt ht it jt kt lt mt nt ot pt qt qt rt st tt ut vt wa wi wo wt ww xt zt
===============
ae ao at
bo bt bv
cd cd ct
dt
ee ef et et
ft
gd gt
ht
it
jt
kt
lt
mt
nt
ot
pt
qt qt
rt
st
tt
ut
vt
wa wi wo wt ww
xt
zt
~~~
- 前言
- 构造、operator=和assign区别
- 将迭代器转换为索引
- copy set to vector(别混淆了reserve和resize)
- 使用vector构造二维数组
- 可怕的迭代器失效（vector重新申请内存）
- 可怕的迭代器失效之二（删除vector中元素）
- vector<unique_ptr<>>初始化（所有权转移）
- vector<unique_ptr<>>作为函数的参数
- vector<unique_ptr<>>赋值给vector<unique_ptr<>>
- creating vector of local structure、vector of structs initialization
- 知道emplace_back为何优于push_back吗？
- emplace_back造成的引用失效
- vector的一些异常
- vector的遍历(stl算法、vector迭代器(不要在循环中判断不等于end())、operator[])
- 使用sort算法对vector进行排序(对vector<string>排序、使用稳定的排序std::stable_sort())
- vector应用之STL的find、find_if、find_end、find_first_of、find_if_not(C++11)
- 使用sort算法对vector<unique_ptr<string>>进行排序(sort函数“应输入 2 个参数，却提供了 3 个)
- 对vector<自定义类>使用std::find 和 std::find_if 算法