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## 简介 PHP Reflection API是PHP5才有的新功能,它是用来导出或提取出关于类、方法、属性、参数等的详细信息,包括注释。 ```php class Reflection { } interface Reflector { } class ReflectionException extends Exception { } class ReflectionFunction implements Reflector { } class ReflectionParameter implements Reflector { } class ReflectionMethod extends ReflectionFunction { } class ReflectionClass implements Reflector { } class ReflectionObject extends ReflectionClass { } class ReflectionProperty implements Reflector { } class ReflectionExtension implements Reflector { } ``` 用得比较多的就只有两个`ReflectionClass`与`ReflectionObject`,两个的用法都一样,只是前者针对类,后者针对对象,后者是继承前者的类;然后其中又有一些属性或方法能返回对应的`Reflection`对象(ReflectionProperty以及ReflectionMethod) ### ReflectionClass 具体参考手册:http://php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionclass.php 通过ReflectionClass,我们可以得到Person类的以下信息: - 常量 Contants - 属性 Property Names - 方法 Method Names - 静态属性 Static Properties - 命名空间 Namespace - Person类是否为final或者abstract ``` <?php namespace app; class Person{ /** * For the sake of demonstration, we"re setting this private */ private $_allowDynamicAttributes = false; /** type=primary_autoincrement */ protected $id = 0; /** type=varchar length=255 null */ protected $name; /** type=text null */ protected $biography; public function getId(){ return $this->id; } public function setId($v){ $this->id = $v; } public function getName(){ return $this->name; } public function setName($v){ $this->name = $v; } public function getBiography(){ return $this->biography; } public function setBiography($v){ $this->biography = $v; } } //传递类名或对象进来 $class = new \ReflectionClass('app\Person'); //获取属性,不管该属性是否public $properties = $class->getProperties(); foreach($properties as $property) { echo $property->getName()."\n"; } // 输出: // _allowDynamicAttributes // id // name // biography //默认情况下,ReflectionClass会获取到所有的属性,private 和 protected的也可以。如果只想获取到private属性,就要额外传个参数: /* * ReflectionProperty::IS_STATIC * ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC * ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED * ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE */ //↓↓ 注意一个|组合: 获得IS_PRIVATE或者IS_PROTECTED的属性 $private_properties = $class->getProperties(\ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE|\ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED); foreach($private_properties as $property) { //↓↓如果该属性是受保护的属性; if($property->isProtected()) { // ↓↓ 获取注释 $docblock = $property->getDocComment(); preg_match('/ type\=([a-z_]*) /', $property->getDocComment(), $matches); echo $matches[1]."\n"; } } // Output: // primary_autoincrement // varchar // text $data = array("id" => 1, "name" => "Chris", "biography" => "I am am a PHP developer"); foreach($data as $key => $value) { if(!$class->hasProperty($key)) { throw new \Exception($key." is not a valid property"); } if(!$class->hasMethod("get".ucfirst($key))) { throw new \Exception($key." is missing a getter"); } if(!$class->hasMethod("set".ucfirst($key))) { throw new \Exception($key." is missing a setter"); } $object = new Person(); // http://php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionmethod.php // getMethod 获得一个该方法的reflectionmethod对象,然后使用里面的invoke方法; $setter = $class->getMethod("set".ucfirst($key)); $ok = $setter->invoke($object, $value); // Get the setter method and invoke it $getter = $class->getMethod("get".ucfirst($key)); $objValue = $getter->invoke($object); // Now compare if($value == $objValue) { echo "Getter or Setter has modified the data.\n"; } else { echo "Getter and Setter does not modify the data.\n"; } } ``` #### getMethod and invoke `ReflectionClass::getMethod` — 获取一个类方法的 **ReflectionMethod**(可以理解为获得这个类方法的控制权,不管这个类方法是否是public)。 具体的参考: - http://php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionmethod.php - http://php.net/manual/zh/reflectionmethod.invoke.php ```php <?php class HelloWorld { private function sayHelloTo($name,$arg1,$arg2) { return 'Hello ' . $name.' '.$arg1.' '.$arg2; } } $obj = new HelloWorld(); // 第一个参数可以是对象,也可以是类 $reflectionMethod = new ReflectionMethod($obj , 'sayHelloTo'); if(!$reflectionMethod -> isPublic()){ $reflectionMethod -> setAccessible(true); } /* * public mixed ReflectionMethod::invoke ( object $object [, mixed $parameter [, mixed $... ]] ) * 1. 获得某个类方法的ReflectionMethod * 2. $object 该方法所在的类实例的对象,然后第二参数起对号入座到该方法的每个参数; * 3. 通过invoke就可以执行这个方法了 */ echo $reflectionMethod->invoke($obj, 'GangGe','How','are you'); //也可以把参数作为数组传进来 echo $reflectionMethod -> invokeArgs($obj,array('GangGe','How','are you')); ``` #### getProperty 获得一个 `ReflectionProperty` 类实例 (同上,获得该属性的控制权) http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionproperty.php ##### getValue获取属性值 ``` public mixed ReflectionProperty::getValue ([ object $object ] ) ``` 如果该获得该实例的类属性**不是一个static的属性,就必须传该类的实例** ```php <?php class Foo { public static $staticProperty = 'foobar'; public $property = 'barfoo'; protected $privateProperty = 'foofoo'; } $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass('Foo'); var_dump($reflectionClass->getProperty('staticProperty')->getValue()); //静态属性可以不加参数 var_dump($reflectionClass->getProperty('property')->getValue(new Foo)); //非静态属性必须加传一个类实例 $reflectionProperty = $reflectionClass->getProperty('privateProperty'); //受保护的属性就要通过setAccessible获得其权限 $reflectionProperty->setAccessible(true); var_dump($reflectionProperty->getValue(new Foo)); ``` ### Example #### 模拟YII框架中控制器调用方法的实现 ```php <?php if (PHP_SAPI != 'cli') { exit('Please run it in terminal!'); } if ($argc < 3) { exit('At least 2 arguments needed!'); } $controller = ucfirst($argv[1]) . 'Controller'; $action = 'action' . ucfirst($argv[2]); // 检查类是否存在 if (!class_exists($controller)) { exit("Class $controller does not existed!"); } // 获取类的反射 $reflector = new ReflectionClass($controller); // 检查方法是否存在 if (!$reflector->hasMethod($action)) { exit("Method $action does not existed!"); } // 取类的构造函数,返回的是ReflectionMethod对象 $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor(); // 取构造函数的参数,这是一个对象数组 $parameters = $constructor->getParameters(); // 遍历参数 foreach ($parameters as $key => $parameter) { // 获取参数声明的类 $injector = new ReflectionClass($parameter->getClass()->name); // 实例化参数声明类并填入参数列表 $parameters[$key] = $injector->newInstance(); //实例化$parameter->getClass()->name类 } // 使用参数列表实例 controller 类 $instance = $reflector->newInstanceArgs($parameters); // 执行 $instance->$action(); class HelloController { private $model; public function __construct(TestModel $model) { $this->model = $model; } public function actionWorld() { echo $this->model->property, PHP_EOL; } } class TestModel { public $property = 'property'; } ``` #### TP框架中实现前后控制器 ```php <?php class BlogAction { public function detail() { echo 'detail' . "\r\n"; } public function test($year = 2014, $month = 4, $day = 21) { echo $year . '--' . $month . '--' . $day . "\r\n"; } public function _before_detail() { echo __FUNCTION__ . "\r\n"; } public function _after_detail() { echo __FUNCTION__ . "\r\n"; } } // 执行detail方法 $method = new ReflectionMethod('BlogAction', 'detail'); $instance = new BlogAction(); // 进行权限判断 if ($method->isPublic()) { $class = new ReflectionClass('BlogAction'); // 执行前置方法 if ($class->hasMethod('_before_detail')) { $beforeMethod = $class->getMethod('_before_detail'); if ($beforeMethod->isPublic()) { $beforeMethod->invoke($instance); } } $method->invoke(new BlogAction); // 执行后置方法 if ($class->hasMethod('_after_detail')) { $beforeMethod = $class->getMethod('_after_detail'); if ($beforeMethod->isPublic()) { $beforeMethod->invoke($instance); } } } // 执行带参数的方法 $method = new ReflectionMethod('BlogAction', 'test'); $params = $method->getParameters(); foreach ($params as $param) { $paramName = $param->getName(); if (isset($_REQUEST[$paramName])) { $args[] = $_REQUEST[$paramName]; } elseif ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $args[] = $param->getDefaultValue(); } } if (count($args) == $method->getNumberOfParameters()) { $method->invokeArgs($instance, $args); } else { echo 'parameters is wrong!'; } ``` #### 其他参考 ```php /** * 执行App控制器 */ public function execApp() { // 创建action控制器实例 $className = MODULE_NAME . 'Controller'; $namespaceClassName = '\\apps\\' . APP_NAME . '\\controller\\' . $className; load_class($namespaceClassName, false); if (!class_exists($namespaceClassName)) { throw new \Exception('Oops! Module not found : ' . $namespaceClassName); } $controller = new $namespaceClassName(); // 获取当前操作名 $action = ACTION_NAME; // 执行当前操作 //call_user_func(array(&$controller, $action)); // 其实吧,用这个函数足够啦!!! try { $methodInfo = new \ReflectionMethod($namespaceClassName, $action); if ($methodInfo->isPublic() && !$methodInfo->isStatic()) { $methodInfo->invoke($controller); } else { // 操作方法不是public类型,抛出异常 throw new \ReflectionException(); } } catch (\ReflectionException $e) { // 方法调用发生异常后,引导到__call方法处理 $methodInfo = new \ReflectionMethod($namespaceClassName, '__call'); $methodInfo->invokeArgs($controller, array($action, '')); } return; } ```