#轻松学会Laravel-基础篇
######Laravel 一键安装包下载：[http://www.golaravel.com/download/](http://www.golaravel.com/download/)
###路由参数
```
Route::get('user/{id}', function($id){
return $id;
});
```
符合条件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/1
```
Route::get('user/{name?}', function($name='zhangsan'){
return $name;
});
```
不传参数访问： http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user
传参数访问：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/zhulinjie
```
Route::get('user/{name?}', function($name='zhangsan'){
return $name;
})->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+');
```
符合条件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/zhangsan
不符合条件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/1
###别名路由
```
Route::get('user/user-personal', ['as'=>'personal', function(){
return route('personal');
}]);
```
符合条件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/user-personal
###路由群组
```
Route::group(['prefix'=>'admin'], function(){
Route::get('user/user-personal', ['as'=>'personal', function(){
return route('personal');
}]);
});
```
符合条件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/admin/user/user-personal
###控制器
routes.php
```
Route::get('user/personal', [
'uses' => 'PersonalController@index',
'as' => 'personal'
]);
```
PersonalController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class PersonalController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
return route('personal');
}
}
```
###模型
Personal.php
```
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Personal extends Model{
public static function getAll(){
return 'data';
}
}
```
PersonalController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Personal;
class PersonalController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
return Personal::getAll();
}
}
```
###使用DB facade实现CURD
```
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生表',
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名',
`age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '年龄',
`sex` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '10' COMMENT '10 未知 20 男 30 女',
`create_at` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '新增时间',
`update_at` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '修改时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
```
routes.php
```
Route::get('student', [
'uses' => 'StudentController@index',
'as' => 'student'
]);
```
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 新增
// $bool = DB::insert('insert into student(name, age) values(?, ?)', ['lisi', 25]);
// var_dump($bool);
// 更新
// $num = DB::update('update student set age = ? where name = ?', [20, 'zhangsan']);
// 返回影响的行数
// var_dump($num);
// 删除
// $num = DB::delete('delete from student where id > ?', [1]);
// 返回影响的行数
// var_dump($num);
// 查询
$data = DB::select('select * from student where id >= ?', [1]);
dd($data);
}
}
```
###查询构造器新增数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 新增一条数据
// $bool = DB::table('student')->insert(['name'=>'zhangsan', 'age'=>18]);
// var_dump($bool);
// 新增一条数据并获取自增ID
// $id = DB::table('student')->insertGetId(['name'=>'lishi', 'age'=>20]);
// var_dump($id);
// 新增多条数据
$bool = DB::table('student')->insert([
['name'=>'wangwu', 'age'=>25],
['name'=>'zhaoliu', 'age'=>22]
]);
var_dump($bool);
}
}
```
###查询构造器更新数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 更新 返回受影响的行数
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->update(['age'=>30]);
// var_dump($num);
// 自增1
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age');
// var_dump($num);
// 自增3
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age', 3);
// var_dump($num);
// 自减1
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->decrement('age');
// var_dump($num);
// 自减3
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->decrement('age', 3);
// var_dump($num);
// 自增3 同时将name改为zhulinjie
$num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age', 3, ['name'=>'zhulinjie']);
var_dump($num);
}
}
```
###查询构造器删除数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 删除id大于6的记录 返回影响记录行数
// $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', '>', 6)->delete();
// var_dump($num);
// 清空数据 不返回任何数据
DB::table('student')->truncate();
}
}
```
###查询构造器查询数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// get() 获取多条记录
// $students = DB::table('student')->get();
// dd($students);
// first() 获取结果集中的第一条记录
// $student = DB::table('student')->first();
// dd($student);
// where()
// $students = DB::table('student')->where('id', '>=', 2)->get();
// dd($students);
// whereRaw() 多条件查询
// $students = DB::table('student')->whereRaw('id >= ? and id <= ?', [2,3])->get();
// dd($students);
// $students = DB::table('student')->whereRaw('id >= ? or age = ?', [3, 18])->get();
// dd($students);
// pluck() 从数据表中取得单一数据列
// $names = DB::table('student')->pluck('name');
// dd($names);
// lists() 也可以获取单一数据列，但lists的第二个参数可以将某个字段当前键返回
// $names = DB::table('student')->lists('name');
// dd($names);
// $students = DB::table('student')->lists('age', 'name');
// dd($students);
// select() 指定查询字段
// $students = DB::table('student')->select('name', 'age')->get();
// dd($students);
// chunk() 拆分查询 备注：现在并不明白是什么意思和具体的使用场景
// echo '<pre>';
// DB::table('student')->chunk(3, function($students){
// print_r($students);
// });
echo '<pre>';
DB::table('student')->chunk(3, function($students){
print_r($students);
return false;
});
}
}
```
pluck() 方法浏览器中运行效果：
lists() 方法浏览器中运行效果：
chunk() 方法浏览器中运行效果：
chunk() 方法浏览器中运行效果：
###查询构造器中的聚合函数
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// $num = DB::table('student')->count();
// var_dump($num);
// $max = DB::table('student')->max('age');
// var_dump($max);
// $min = DB::table('student')->min('age');
// var_dump($min);
// $avg = DB::table('student')->avg('age');
// var_dump($avg);
$sum = DB::table('student')->sum('age');
var_dump($sum);
}
}
```
###Eloquent ORM简介、模型的建立及查询数据
Student.php
```
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Student extends Model{
// 指定表名
protected $table = 'student'; // 默认对应的是students表
// 指定主键
// protected $primaryKey = 'id'; // 默认主键就是ID
}
```
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// $students = Student::all();
// dd($students);
// 获取id为1的记录，如果记录不存在，返回null
// $student = Student::find(1);
// dd($student);
// 获取id为11的记录，如果记录不存在，会报错
// $student = Student::findOrFail(1);
// dd($student);
// 查询构造器在ORM中的应用
// $students = Student::get();
// dd($students);
// $student = Student::where('id', 1)->first();
// dd($student);
// echo '<pre>';
// Student::chunk(3, function($students){
// print_r($students);
// });
// 查询构造器中的聚合函数在ORM中的应用
// $num = Student::count();
// dd($num);
$max = Student::where('id', '>', 1)->max('age');
dd($max);
}
}
```
###Eloquent ORM中新增数据、自定义时间戳及批量赋值的使用
Student.php
```
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Student extends Model{
// 指定表名
protected $table = 'student'; // 默认对应的是students表
// 指定主键
// protected $primaryKey = 'id'; // 默认主键就是ID
// 指定允许批量赋值的字段
protected $fillable = ['name', 'age'];
// 指定不允许批量赋值的字段
protected $guarded = [];
// 自动维护新增时间和修改时间
public $timestamps = true;
// 将新增时间和修改时间以时间戳的方式进行管理
protected function getDateFormat(){
return time();
}
// 在获取新增时间和修改时间的时候不做任何处理 如果不写这个方法 默认会将时间戳转换成 2016-12-24 13:24:58 格式
protected function asDateTime($val){
return $val;
}
}
```
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 使用模型新增数据
// $student = new Student();
// $student->name = 'zhangsan';
// $student->age = 18;
// $bool = $student->save();
// dd($bool);
// $student = Student::find(1);
// echo $student->created_at;
// 使用模型的create方法新增数据
// $student = Student::create(['name'=>'lishi', 'age'=>19]);
// dd($student);
// 以属性值查找用户 如果不存在 则新增数据
// $student = Student::firstOrCreate(['name'=>'wangwu', 'age'=>20]);
// dd($student);
// 以属性值查找用户 如果不存在 则新增数据
$student = Student::firstOrNew(['name'=>'zhaoliu', 'age'=>21]);
$bool = $student->save();
dd($bool);
}
}
```
###使用Eloquent ORM修改数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 通过模型更新
// $student = Student::find(1);
// $student->name = 'zhulinjie';
// $bool = $student->save();
// dd($bool);
// 结合查询语句 批量更新
$num = Student::where('id', '>', 2)->update(['age'=>22]);
dd($num);
}
}
```
###使用Eloquent ORM删除数据
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
// 通过模型删除
// $student = Student::find(4);
// $bool = $student->delete();
// dd($bool);
// 通过主键删除
// $num = Student::destroy(4);
// $num = Student::destroy(3, 2);
// $num = Student::destroy([3, 2]);
// dd($num);
// 根据指定条件删除
$num = Student::where('id', '>=', 1)->delete();
dd($num);
}
}
```
###Blade模板引擎-流程控制
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
return view('student', ['name'=>'zhangsan']);
}
}
```
student.blade.php
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>student</title>
</head>
<body>
@unless($name != 'zhangsan')
{{$name}}
@endunless
</body>
</html>
```
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
$stu = Student::get();
return view('student', ['stu'=>$stu]);
}
}
```
student.blade.php
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>student</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
@forelse($stu as $val)
<li>{{$val->name}} {{$val->age}}</li>
@empty
<li>暂无数据</li>
@endforelse
</ul>
</body>
</html>
```
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
$stu = [];
return view('student', ['stu'=>$stu]);
}
}
```
###Blade模板引擎-模板中的URL
>url() 通过路由的名称生成url
>action() 通过指定控制器和方法名生成url
>route() 通过路由的别名生成url
StudentController.php
```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index(){
return view('student');
}
}
```
student.blade.php
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>student</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="{{ url('student') }}">{{ url('student') }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ action('StudentController@index') }}">{{ action('StudentController@index') }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ route('student') }}">{{ route('student') }}</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
```
