# 文本属性及布局
> 原文：[Text properties and layout](http://matplotlib.org/users/text_props.html)
> 译者：[飞龙](https://github.com/)
> 协议：[CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
`matplotlib.text.Text`实例有各种属性，可以通过关键字参数配置文本命令（例如，`title()`，`xlabel()`和`text()`）。
| 属性 | 值类型 |
| --- | --- |
| alpha | 浮点 |
| backgroundcolor | 任何 matplotlib 颜色 |
| bbox | rectangle prop dict plus key 'pad' which is a pad in points |
| clip_box | `matplotlib.transform.Bbox` 实例 |
| clip_on | `[True / False]` |
| clip_path | `Path`，`Transform`或`Patch` 实例 |
| color | 任何 matplotlib 颜色 |
| family | `[ 'serif' / 'sans-serif' / 'cursive' / 'fantasy' / 'monospace' ]` |
| fontproperties | `matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties` 实例 |
| horizontalalignment or ha | `[ 'center' / 'right' / 'left' ]` |
| label | 任何字符串 |
| linespacing | 浮点 |
| multialignment | `['left' / 'right' / 'center' ]` |
| name or fontname | 字符串，例如 `['Sans' / 'Courier' / 'Helvetica' ...]` |
| picker | [`None` / 浮点 / 布尔值 / 可调用对象]` |
| position | `(x,y)` |
| rotation | [ 角度制的角度 / 'vertical' / 'horizontal' |
| size or fontsize | [ 点的尺寸 | 相对尺寸，例如 `['smaller', 'x-large' ]` |
| style or fontstyle | `[ 'normal' / 'italic' / 'oblique']` |
| text | 字符串或任何可使用`'%s'`打印的东西 |
| transform | `matplotlib.transform` 实例 |
| variant | `[ 'normal' / 'small-caps' ]` |
| verticalalignment or va | `[ 'center' / 'top' / 'bottom' / 'baseline' ]` |
| visible | `[True / False]` |
| weight or fontweight | `[ 'normal' / 'bold' / 'heavy' / 'light' / 'ultrabold' / 'ultralight']` |
| x | 浮点 |
| y | 浮点 |
| zorder | 任意数值 |
你可以使用对齐参数`horizontalalignment`，`verticalalignment`和`multialignment`来布置文本。 `horizontalalignment`控制文本的`x`位置参数表示文本边界框的左边，中间或右边。 `verticalalignment`控制文本的`y`位置参数表示文本边界框的底部，中心或顶部。 `multialignment`，仅对于换行符分隔的字符串，控制不同的行是左，中还是右对齐。 这里是一个使用`text()`命令显示各种对齐方式的例子。 在整个代码中使用`transform = ax.transAxes`，表示坐标相对于轴边界框给出，其中`0,0`是轴的左下角，`1,1`是右上角。
```py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
# build a rectangle in axes coords
left, width = .25, .5
bottom, height = .25, .5
right = left + width
top = bottom + height
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
# axes coordinates are 0,0 is bottom left and 1,1 is upper right
p = patches.Rectangle(
(left, bottom), width, height,
fill=False, transform=ax.transAxes, clip_on=False
)
ax.add_patch(p)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left top',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left bottom',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right bottom',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right top',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, bottom, 'center top',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'right center',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'left center',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(0.5*(left+right), 0.5*(bottom+top), 'middle',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
fontsize=20, color='red',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'centered',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, top, 'rotated\nwith newlines',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation=45,
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.set_axis_off()
plt.show()
```
