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**@JSON**(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于JavaScript(Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999)的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成 **@JSON 语法规则:** 1.JSON 语法是 JavaScript 对象表示语法的子集。    数据在名称/值对中    数据由逗号分隔    花括号保存对象    方括号保存数组    JSON 名称/值对 2.JSON 数据的书写格式是:名称/值对。    名称/值对包括字段名称(在双引号中),后面写一个冒号,然后是值:"firstName":"John" 3.JSON 值可以是:    数字(整数或浮点数)    字符串(在双引号中)    逻辑值(true 或 false)    数组(在方括号中)    对象(在花括号中)    null **@JSON建构有两种结构:** json简单说就是javascript中的对象和数组,所以这两种结构就是对象和数组两种结构,通过这两种结构可以表示各种复杂的结构 1、对象:对象在js中表示为“{}”括起来的内容,数据结构为 {key:value,key:value,...}的键值对的结构,在面向对象的语言中,key为对象的属性,value为对应的属性值,所以很容易理解,取值方法为 对象.key 获取属性值,这个属性值的类型可以是 数字、字符串、数组、对象几种。 2、数组:数组在js中是中括号“[]”括起来的内容,数据结构为 ["java","javascript","vb",...],取值方式和所有语言中一样,使用索引获取,字段值的类型可以是 数字、字符串、数组、对象几种。 经过对象、数组2种结构就可以组合成复杂的数据结构了。 **@基础示例**     ---整体是个对象,对象的key是"programmers",value是一个数组,数组里面又包含3个对象 {"programmers":[ {"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}, {"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"}, {"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"} ], "authors":[ {"firstName":"Isaac","lastName":"Asimov","genre":"sciencefiction"}, {"firstName":"Tad","lastName":"Williams","genre":"fantasy"}, {"firstName":"Frank","lastName":"Peretti","genre":"christianfiction"} ], "musicians":[ {"firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Clapton","instrument":"guitar"}, {"firstName":"Sergei","lastName":"Rachmaninoff","instrument":"piano"} ]} **@具体形式:** 1、对象是一个无序的“‘名称/值’对”集合。 (1)一个对象以“{”(左括号)开始,“}”(右括号)结束。 (2)每个“名称”后跟一个“:”(冒号); (3)“‘名称/值’ 对”之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。(如图所示,图中表示数据的方式是类似非确定性[自动机](http://baike.baidu.com/view/409351.htm)的形式,没学过[编译原理](http://baike.baidu.com/view/29903.htm)的人,可能理解起来困难点,实际上也是[正则表达式](http://baike.baidu.com/view/94238.htm)的形式。下同) 例子:表示人的一个对象: { "姓名":"大憨", "年龄":24 } 2、数组是值(value)的有序集合。 (1)一个数组以“[”(左中括号)开始,“]”(右中括号)结束。 (2)值之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。 例子:一组学生 { "学生": [ {"姓名":"小明","年龄":23}, {"姓名":"大憨","年龄":24} ] } 说明:此Json对象包括了一个学生数组,而学生数组中的值又是两个Json对象。 3、值(value)可以是双引号括起来的字符串(string)、数值(number)、true、false、 null、对象(object)或者数组(array)。这些结构可以嵌套。 4、[字符](http://baike.baidu.com/view/263416.htm)串(string)是由双引号包围的任意数量Unicode字符的集合,使用反斜线转义。一个字符(character)即一个单独的字符串(character string)。 字符串(string)与C或者Java的字符串非常相似。 5、数值(number)也与C或者Java的数值非常相似。除去未曾使用的[八进制](http://baike.baidu.com/view/234126.htm)与十六进制格式。除去一些编码细节。 **@系统提供的JSON解析类----NSJSONSerialization** ~~~ #pragma mark - 系统提供的JSON解析类 - (void)onClickSystem{ // 加载一个本地的JSON文件路径,放到NSData对象中去 NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"]]; NSError * error = nil; // 把一个json格式的data,解析为OC中的数据对象(一般为数组或字典) id obj = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:&error]; // 判断一下,id是NSMutableArray类型还是NSMutableDictionary if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) { NSMutableArray * array = obj; NSLog(@"*************%@",array); }else{ NSMutableDictionary * dic = obj; NSLog(@"???????????????%@",dic); } // 把一个OC中的数据对象(数组或对象--在OC中类似字典)转换成JSON格式的数据 NSDictionary * dic = @{@"to": @"壮壮",@"content":@"晚上见",@"from": @"晓宇",@"data": @"2014.04.18"}; NSLog(@"DIC = %@",dic); NSData * data = [NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:dic options:NSJSONWritingPrettyPrinted error:&error]; // 把一个json格式的data,解析为OC中的NSString类型对象 // 无特殊意义,一般用来查看JSON文本封装成 数组 还是 对象(OC中为字典) NSString * jsonString = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSLog(@"-----------------------------%@",jsonString); } ~~~ **@第三方类----JSONKit** ~~~ #pragma mark - 第三方类JSONKit - (void)onClickJSONKit{ #pragma mark 把JSON格式的数据转换成OC中的数据对象 // 从文档中读取json格式的Data NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"]]; // json格式的Data转化为OC对象 id obj1 = [jsonData objectFromJSONData]; NSLog(@"%@",obj1); // 从文档中读取json格式的String NSString * jsonString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil]; // json格式的String转化为OC对象 id obj2 = [jsonString objectFromJSONString]; NSLog(@"%@",obj2); #pragma mark 把一个OC中的数据对象转换成JSON格式的数据 NSDictionary * dic = @{@"to": @"壮壮",@"content":@"晚上见",@"from": @"晓宇",@"data": @"2014.04.18"}; // 转化为json格式的Data NSData * dataJson = [dic JSONData]; // 转化为json格式的String NSString * stringJson = [dic JSONString]; } ~~~ @代码样例: ~~~ { "country": { "province": { "-number": "3", "-name": "河北", "city": [ { "-number": "9", "-name": "张家口市", "area": [ { "-number": "146", "#text": "桥西区" }, { "-number": "147", "#text": "桥东区" }, { "-number": "148", "#text": "宣化区" }, { "-number": "149", "#text": "下花园区" }, { "-number": "150", "#text": "宣化县" }, { "-number": "151", "#text": "张北县" }, { "-number": "152", "#text": "康保县" }, { "-number": "153", "#text": "沽源县" }, { "-number": "154", "#text": "尚义县" }, { "-number": "162", "#text": "崇礼县" } ] }, { "-number": "10", "-name": "承德市", "area": [ { "-number": "163", "#text": "双桥区" }, { "-number": "164", "#text": "双滦区" }, { "-number": "165", "#text": "鹰手营子矿区" }, { "-number": "166", "#text": "承德县" }, { "-number": "167", "#text": "兴隆县" }, { "-number": "168", "#text": "平平县" }, { "-number": "169", "#text": "滦平县" } ] }, { "-number": "11", "-name": "沧州市", "area": [ { "-number": "174", "#text": "运河区" }, { "-number": "175", "#text": "新华区" }, { "-number": "176", "#text": "泊头区" }, { "-number": "177", "#text": "任丘区" }, { "-number": "185", "#text": "肃宁县" }, { "-number": "186", "#text": "南皮县" } ] }, { "-number": "12", "-name": "廊坊市", "area": [ { "-number": "190", "#text": "安次区" }, { "-number": "191", "#text": "广阳区" }, { "-number": "192", "#text": "霸州市" }, { "-number": "193", "#text": "三河市" }, { "-number": "194", "#text": "固安县" }, { "-number": "195", "#text": "永清县" } ] }, { "-number": "13", "-name": "衡水市", "area": [ { "-number": "202", "#text": "桃城区" }, { "-number": "203", "#text": "冀州市" }, { "-number": "204", "#text": "深州市" }, { "-number": "205", "#text": "枣强县" }, { "-number": "206", "#text": "武邑县" } ] } ] } } } ~~~ ~~~ #pragma mark - 系统类NSJSONSerialization - (void)initializeAllDataOfNSJSONSerialization{ self.allProvinceArray = [NSMutableArray array]; NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"hebei" ofType:@"txt"]]; NSError * error = nil; id obj = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:&error]; NSMutableDictionary * countryDic = obj; NSDictionary * countryInfo = [countryDic objectForKey:@"country"]; NSDictionary * provinceInfo = [countryInfo objectForKey:@"province"]; NSString * pName = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-name"]; NSString * pNumber = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTProvince * province = [[HMTProvince alloc]initWithName:pName withNumber:pNumber]; [self.allProvinceArray addObject:province]; NSArray * cityArray = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"city"]; for (int i = 0; i < [cityArray count]; i++) { NSDictionary * cityInfo = [cityArray objectAtIndex:i]; NSString * cName = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-name"]; NSString * cNumber = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTCity * city = [[HMTCity alloc]initWithName:cName withNumber:cNumber]; [province.cityArray addObject:city]; NSArray * areaArray = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"area"]; for (int j = 0; j < [areaArray count]; j++) { NSString * aName = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"#text"]; NSString * aNumber = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTArea * area = [[HMTArea alloc]initWithName:aName withNumber:aNumber]; [city.areaArray addObject:area]; [area release]; } [city release]; } [province release]; } #pragma mark - 系统类JSONKit - (void)initializeAllDataOfJSONKit{ self.allProvinceArray = [NSMutableArray array]; NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"hebei" ofType:@"txt"]]; id obj = [jsonData objectFromJSONData]; NSMutableDictionary * countryDic = obj; NSDictionary * countryInfo = [countryDic objectForKey:@"country"]; NSDictionary * provinceInfo = [countryInfo objectForKey:@"province"]; NSString * pName = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-name"]; NSString * pNumber = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTProvince * province = [[HMTProvince alloc]initWithName:pName withNumber:pNumber]; [self.allProvinceArray addObject:province]; NSArray * cityArray = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"city"]; for (int i = 0; i < [cityArray count]; i++) { NSDictionary * cityInfo = [cityArray objectAtIndex:i]; NSString * cName = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-name"]; NSString * cNumber = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTCity * city = [[HMTCity alloc]initWithName:cName withNumber:cNumber]; [province.cityArray addObject:city]; NSArray * areaArray = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"area"]; for (int j = 0; j < [areaArray count]; j++) { NSString * aName = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"#text"]; NSString * aNumber = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"-number"]; HMTArea * area = [[HMTArea alloc]initWithName:aName withNumber:aNumber]; [city.areaArray addObject:area]; [area release]; } [city release]; } [province release]; } ~~~