在Python3中,Views(视图)的作用,类似于数据库中视图的一个作用,能够反映所对应对象的变化。就像数据库表变化后,视图查询的结果是变化后的值一样,python中通过Views查询的值也是这样的。
Python3中,dict.keys(),dict.items(),dict.values()返回的是Views,而不是list。可以通过list()函数将Views()转换为list。
下面是一个说明Views作用的例子:
~~~
>>> dishes = {'eggs': 2, 'sausage': 1, 'bacon': 1, 'spam': 500}
>>> keys = dishes.keys()
>>> values = dishes.values()
>>> # iteration
>>> n = 0
>>> for val in values:
... n += val
>>> print(n)
504
>>> # keys and values are iterated over in the same order
>>> list(keys)
['eggs', 'bacon', 'sausage', 'spam']
>>> list(values)
[2, 1, 1, 500]
>>> # view objects are dynamic and reflect dict changes
>>> del dishes['eggs']
>>> del dishes['sausage']
>>> list(keys)
['spam', 'bacon']
>>> # set operations
>>> keys & {'eggs', 'bacon', 'salad'}
{'bacon'}
~~~