PHP解决问题进化论(整理笔记) · PHPer进阶

# 查看PHP错误信息 1、修改php.ini配置 ~~~ php.ini中display_errors / display_startup_errors 设置为On php.ini中error_reporting 设置为E_ALL PHP代码中设置error_reporting(E_ALL) ~~~ 2、PHP中打开报错 ~~~ error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set ('display_errors', 'On'); ~~~ 有些情况下php.ini配置中关闭了错误显示，需要修改php.ini打开错误信息，或者错误信息被导出到了日志文件，这种情况可以直接tailf php_error.log来看错误信息。 ## 多个版本的php或php-cli与php-fpm加载不同的配置 ~~~ which php #得到反馈 /usr/bin/php,查看PHP安装在哪 ~~~ ~~~ php -i |grep php.ini #得到加载那个php.ini,如下 Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/etc/php/5.6 Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/etc/php/5.6/php.ini ~~~ ## 打印单步调试 ### 1、PHP的getTrace fiel:发生异常的PHP程序文件名称； line:发生异常的代码所在的行号； function：发生异常的函数或方法； class:发生异常的函数或方法所在的类； type:调用发生异常的函数或方法的类型（“::”调用静态类成员，“->”调用实例化对象）； args:发生异常的函数或方法所接受的参数。 ~~~ <?php $path = "www.phpdo.net"; try { file_open($path); } catch(Exception $e) { echo "异常信息".$e->getMessage()."\n"; echo "异常代码".$e->getCode()."\n"; echo "异常文件".$e->getFile()."\n"; echo "异常代码所在行".$e->getLine()."\n"; echo "传递路线："; print_r($e->getTrace()); //以数组的形式返回跟踪异常的每一部的传递路线 echo $e->getTraceAsString();//返回格式化成字符串的getTrace函数信息 } function file_open($path) { if(!file_exists($path)) { throw new exception("www.phpdo.net这个文件不存在",1); } if(!fopen($path,"r")) { throw new exception("www.phpdo.net这个文件无法打开",2); } } ?> 结果：异常信息www.phpdo.net 这个文件不存在异常代码1 异常文件E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php 异常代码所在行22 传递路线： Array ( [0] => Array ( [file] => E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php [line] => 5 [function] => file_open [args] => Array ( [0] => www.phpdo.net ) ) ) #0 E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php(5): file_open(‘www.phpdo.net’) #1 {main} ~~~ ### 2、PHP debug_backtrace() <table class="dataintable " style="margin:10px 0px 0px; padding:0px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); border-collapse:collapse; width:709px; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana,Arial,宋体; font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"><tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">名称</th><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">类型</th><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">描述</th></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">function</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前的函数名。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">line</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">整数</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前的行号。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">file</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前的文件名。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">class</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前的类名</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">object</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">对象</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前对象。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">type</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">当前的调用类型，可能的调用：<ul class="listintable" style="margin:20px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:none"><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回: "->" - 方法调用</li><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回: "::" - 静态方法调用</li><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回 nothing - 函数调用</li></ul></td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">args</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">数组</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">如果在函数中，列出函数参数。如果在被引用的文件中，列出被引用的文件名。</td></tr></tbody></table> ~~~ <?php function one($str1, $str2) { two("Glenn", "Quagmire"); } function two($str1, $str2) { three("Cleveland", "Brown"); } function three($str1, $str2) { print_r(debug_backtrace()); } one("Peter", "Griffin"); ?> ~~~ ### 3、其他(var_dump,die(),exit()等) ## PHP进程跟踪查看 ### 什么是strace? strace是一个非常简单的工具，它可以跟踪系统调用的执行。最简单的方式，它可以从头到尾跟踪binary的执行，然后以一行文本输出系统调用的名字，参数和返回值。其实它可以做的更多：可以对特定的系统调用或者几组系统调用进行过滤可以通过统计特定系统调用的调用次数、耗费的时间、成功和失败的次数来配置(profile)系统调用的使用I 跟踪发送给进程的信号量可以通过pid附着(attach)到任何运行的进程如果你使用的是其它Unix系统，它类似于"truss"。其它更复杂的是Sun的Dtrace. 调用: ~~~ strace [ -dffhiqrtttTvxx ] [ -acolumn ] [ -eexpr ] … [ -ofile ] [ -ppid ] … [ -sstrsize ] [ -uusername ] [ command [ arg … ] ] strace -c [ -eexpr ] … [ -Ooverhead ] [ -Ssortby ] [ command [ arg … ] ] ~~~ 功能: 跟踪程式执行时的系统调用和所接收的信号.通常的用法是strace执行一直到commande结束. 使用strace php test.php，或者strace -p 进程ID。strace就可以帮助你透过现象看本质，掌握程序执行的过程。 ~~~ 如： strace -p PID分析php-fpm进程 at("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/boutique.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/openapi.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/groupnew.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/usr/share/pear/Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/usr/share/php/Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) ~~~ ### 怎么使用它？找出程序在startup的时候读取的哪个config文件？ ~~~ $ strace php 2>&1 | grep php.ini open("/usr/local/bin/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = 4 lstat64("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", {st_mode=S_IFLNK|0777, st_size=27, ...}) = 0 readlink("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", "/usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini", 4096) = 27 lstat64("/usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=40971, ...}) = 0 ~~~ ~~~ strace -e open php 2>&1 | grep php.ini open("/usr/local/bin/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = 4 ~~~ 某个进程现在在做什么? ~~~ strace -p 15427 Process 15427 attached - interrupt to quit futex(0x402f4900, FUTEX_WAIT, 2, NULL Process 15427 detached ~~~ 是谁偷走了时间？你可以重新编译app，打开profiling，以获取精确的信息。但是通常利用strace附着(attach）一个进程以快速地看一下当前时间花费在哪里非常有用。可以看下是否90%的CPU用在真正的工作，或者用在其它方面了。 ~~~ strace -c -p 11084 Process 11084 attached - interrupt to quit Process 11084 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 94.59 0.001014 48 21 select 2.89 0.000031 1 21 getppid 2.52 0.000027 1 21 time ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.001072 63 total ~~~ ## 通信过程如何分析-tcpdump？用简单的话来定义tcpdump，就是：dump the traffic on a network，根据使用者的定义对网络上的数据包进行截获的包分析工具。 tcpdump可以将网络中传送的数据包的“头”完全截获下来提供分析。它支持针对网络层、协议、主机、网络或端口的过滤，并提供and、or、not等逻辑语句来帮助你去掉无用的信息。参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/01/14/2322659.html