贪心算法——找纸币问题 · 算法程序设计

贪心算法——找纸币问题 <table border="1" style="font-family:Simsun; border-collapse:collapse; width:80%; padding:0pt 5.4pt"><tbody><tr><td width="882" valign="top" style="width:661.75pt; padding:0pt 5.4pt; border:0.5pt solid rgb(0,0,0)">问题主题：找钱</td></tr><tr><td width="882" valign="top" style="width:661.75pt; padding:0pt 5.4pt; border-left-width:0.5pt; border-style:none solid solid; border-left-color:rgb(0,0,0); border-right-width:0.5pt; border-right-color:rgb(0,0,0); border-bottom-width:0.5pt; border-bottom-color:rgb(0,0,0)">问题描述：假设有1元、2元、5元、10元、20元、50元、100的纸币分别为c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6,张。现在要用这些钱来支付K元，至少要用多少张纸币？如果能找，则输出纸币的张数，不能找则输出No限制条件：0<=c0, c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6<=1090<=K<=109</td></tr><tr><td width="882" valign="top" style="width:661.75pt; padding:0pt 5.4pt; border-left-width:0.5pt; border-style:none solid solid; border-left-color:rgb(0,0,0); border-right-width:0.5pt; border-right-color:rgb(0,0,0); border-bottom-width:0.5pt; border-bottom-color:rgb(0,0,0)">样例：输入C0=3, c1=0, c2=2, c3=1, c4=0, c5=3, c6=5输出6</td></tr></tbody></table> ### 【解法一】 ### 解题分析：本题使用贪心算法，只需要考虑“尽可能多地使用面值大的纸币”，然后根据面值的大小从大到小排序依次选择。 ### 程序实现: **C++** <table border="1" style="font-family:Simsun; border-collapse:collapse; width:80%; padding:0pt 5.4pt"><tbody><tr><td width="882" valign="top" style="width:661.8pt; padding:0pt 5.4pt; border:0.5pt solid rgb(0,0,0)">#include "iostream" using namespace std; const int N = 7;static int K = 6200;int min(int num1, int num2); int momeyCount[N] = {3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 5};int value[N] = {1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100}; int giveChange() {int num = 0;for(int i = N-1; i >= 0; i --) {int c = min(K/value[i], momeyCount[i]);K = K - c * value[i];num += c;}if(K > 0) num = -1;return num;} int min(int num1, int num2) {return num1 < num2 ? num1 : num2;} int main() {int result = giveChange();if(result != -1)cout << result << endl;elsecout << "NO" << endl;return 0;} </td></tr></tbody></table> **Java** ~~~ package greed; import java.util.Arrays; /** * 找钱问题 * User: luoweifu * Date: 14-1-14 * Time: 下午8:08 */ public class GiveChange { public static int gaiveChange(MoneyBox[] moneyBoxes, int target) { Arrays.sort(moneyBoxes); int count = 0; for(int i = moneyBoxes.length-1; i >= 0; i--) { int currentCount = Math.min(moneyBoxes[i].getCount(), target/moneyBoxes[i].getValue()); target -= currentCount*moneyBoxes[i].getValue(); count += currentCount; } if(target > 0) { count = -1; } return count; } public static void main(String args[]) { MoneyBox[] moneyBoxes = { new MoneyBox(1, 3), new MoneyBox(2, 0), new MoneyBox(5, 2), new MoneyBox(10, 1), new MoneyBox(20, 0), new MoneyBox(50, 3), new MoneyBox(100, 5), }; int result = gaiveChange(moneyBoxes, 620); if(result > 0) System.out.println(result); else System.out.println("No"); } } /** * 钱盒子 */ class MoneyBox implements Comparable{ private int value; private int count; MoneyBox(int value, int count) { this.value = value; this.count = count; } int getValue() { return value; } void setValue(int value) { this.value = value; } int getCount() { return count; } void setCount(int count) { this.count = count; } @Override public int compareTo(Object o) { MoneyBox moneyBox = (MoneyBox)o; if(this.value < moneyBox.getValue()) return -1; else if(this.value == moneyBox.getValue()) return 0; else return 1; } } ~~~ **** ### 算法复杂度：时间复杂度:如果纸币已经排序(如C++代码)，O(n);如果纸币未经排序 (如Java代码)，O(nlogn);