[TOC]
## 重构页面类
### PO（Page Objects）设计模式
PO设计模式，旨在为每个待测网页创建一个对象。通过这样的设计，**将业务逻辑代码与测试代码分离** 。其中业务逻辑都封装在页面类中。
根据这个设计思路，我们可将页面登录过程定义在登录页面类方法中。
在测试代码中，直接引用登录页面类中的登录方法，即可完成登录操作。
编写一个`page.py` 模块，其中定义一个基类与登录页面类
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
class BasePage(object):
""" 定义所有页面类的基类 """
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver = driver
def get_source(self):
"""
获取页面源码
:return:
"""
return self.driver.page_source
def accept_alert(self):
"""
切换到alert窗口，并且点击确定
:return: 返回alert信息
"""
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10, 0.5)
wait.until(EC.alert_is_present())
alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert
return alert
class LoginPage(BasePage):
""" 登录页面类 """
# 定义第一个待测页面
url = "http://a.4399en.com/"
def login(self, user, pwd):
# 打开首页
self.driver.get(LoginPage.url)
# 点击右上角登录按钮打开登录窗口
self.driver.find_element_by_class_name("CNlogin").click()
# 输入用户名
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 20, 0.5)
account = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "modify-account")))
account.clear()
account.send_keys(user)
# 输入密码
password = self.driver.find_element_by_id("modify-password")
password.clear()
password.send_keys(pwd)
# 点击登录按钮
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit'][@value='Login']").click()
if __name__ == '__main__':
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
login_page = LoginPage(driver)
login_page.login("gfc@qq.com", "123456")
```
主要关注`BasePage`和`LoginPage`这两个类的代码。` if __name__ == '__main__'` 中的代码不是非必要的，主要是调试当前页面类的代码，不会在其他模块调用时运行。
## 重构测试代码
### 使用pytest测试框架来组织用例
>[warning]如果你还不懂得如何使用pytest测试框架，请先阅读我的另外一本python入门书中的测试框架《[接口测试框架](https://www.kancloud.cn/guanfuchang/python_start/703690)》
下面直接演示我的例子：
首先，定义公共的fixture，新建一个fixture文件`conftest.py`:
```python
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def get_driver():
# 创建Chrome驱动实例,这里创建driver时，传入chrome_options参数，告诉服务器，我是用移动端浏览器访问的。
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
# 设置浏览器大小，让它看起来跟手机的样式差不多。
driver.set_window_size("380", "680")
# 设置一个全局的等待超时时间 10s
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
yield driver
driver.quit()
```
我为什么会将fixture抽离出来，放到公共文件中呢？那是因为考虑到一个项目，后续会有很多测试类，会在各个测试类中共用fixture。
下面以前面的登录测试类为例，新建一个测试文件`test_login.py`:
```python
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import pytest
from page import LoginPage
class TestLogin(object):
def test_login_succss(self, get_driver):
"""登录成功用例"""
login_page = LoginPage(get_driver)
login_page.login("gfc@qq.com","123456")
assert "gfc@qq.com" in login_page.get_source()
def test_login_fail(self, get_driver):
"""登录失败用例"""
login_page = LoginPage(get_driver)
login_page.login("gfc@123.com","123456")
alert = login_page.accept_alert()
assert "User does not exist!" in alert.text
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main()
```
运行效果如
## 思考优化点
* 元素定位与页面类分离
* 测试数据与测试代码分离
* 输出优美的测试报告
很多书籍会建议我们将元素定位与页面分离，但是以我初学者的角度，我认为这一步不用那么着急着做，直接定义在页面类中，在开发和调试时，，会更加便捷。
继续关注下一章，测试代码与Allure结合，生成优美的测试报告。
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