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## **1、MongoDB 聚合管道(Aggregation Pipeline)** 使用聚合管道可以对集合中的文档进行变换和组合。 实际项目:表关联查询、数据的统计。 MongoDB 中使用 db.COLLECTION\_NAME.aggregate(\[{\<stage\>},...\]) 方法 来构建和使用聚合管道。先看下官网给的实例,感受一下聚合管道的用法。 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/f0b424dc789655a5e0730fd87be9940c_1161x819.png) ## **2、MongoDB Aggregation 管道操作符与表达式** | 管道操作符 | Description | | --- | --- | | $project | 增加、删除、重命名字段 | | $match | 条件匹配。只满足条件的文档才能进入下 一阶段 | | $limit | 限制结果的数量 | | $skip | 跳过文档的数量 | | $sort | 条件排序。 | | $group | 条件组合结果 统计 | | $lookup | $lookup 操作符 用以引入其它集合的数 据 (表关联查询) | **SQL 和 NOSQL 对比:** | WHERE | $match | | --- | --- | | GROUP BY | $group | | HAVING | $match | | SELECT | $project | | ORDER BY | $sort | | LIMIT | $limit | | SUM() | $sum | | COUNT() | $sum | | join | $lookup | **管道表达式:** 管道操作符作为“键”,所对应的“值”叫做管道表达式。 例如{$match:{status:"A"}},$match 称为管道操作符,而 status:"A"称为管道表达式, 是管道操作符的操作数(Operand)。 每个管道表达式是一个文档结构,它是由字段名、字段值、和一些表达式操作符组成的。 | 常用表达式操作符 | Description | | --- | --- | | $addToSet | 将文档指定字段的值去重 | | $max | 文档指定字段的最大值 | | $min | 文档指定字段的最小值 | | $sum | 文档指定字段求和 | | $avg | 文档指定字段求平均 | | $gt | 大于给定值 | | $lt | 小于给定值 | | $eq | 等于给定值 | ## **3、 数据模拟** ``` db.order.insert({"order_id":"1","uid":10,"trade_no":"111","all_price":100,"all_num":2}) db.order.insert({"order_id":"2","uid":7,"trade_no":"222","all_price":90,"all_num":2}) db.order.insert({"order_id":"3","uid":9,"trade_no":"333","all_price":20,"all_num":6}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"1","title":"商品鼠标 1","price":50,num:1}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"1","title":"商品键盘 2","price":50,num:1}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"1","title":"商品键盘 3","price":0,num:1}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"2","title":"牛奶","price":50,num:1}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"2","title":"酸奶","price":40,num:1}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"3","title":"矿泉水","price":2,num:5}) db.order_item.insert({"order_id":"3","title":"毛巾","price":10,num:1}) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/1f60402fc6033bde3e7f2e7461638d4d_1273x314.png) ## **4、 $project** 修改文档的结构,可以用来重命名、增加或删除文档中的字段。 要求查找 order 只返回文档中 trade\_no 和 all\_price 字段 ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $project:{ trade_no:1, all_price:1 } } ]) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/d224a5af853d09ff2b8b5340ccdd5214_1076x218.png) ## **5、 $match** **作用** 用于过滤文档。用法类似于 find() 方法中的参数。 ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $project:{ trade_no:1, all_price:1 } }, { $match:{"all_price":{$gte:90}} } ] ) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/225b26a3b1d0c297d6cac9aef96d6d62_1121x294.png) ## **6、 $group** 将集合中的文档进行分组,可用于统计结果。 统计每个订单的订单数量,按照订单号分组 ``` db.order_item.aggregate( [ { $group: {_id: "$order_id", total: {$sum: "$num"}} } ] ) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/77b9852088e914c63c24804adbaa8062_1070x287.png) ## **7、 $sort** 将集合中的文档进行排序。 ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $project:{ trade_no:1, all_price:1 } }, { $match:{"all_price":{$gte:90}} }, { $sort:{"all_price":-1} } ]) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/35086603a389f9490491280d3a7bcb7a_1058x331.png) ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/029bc6dfd138ba0dd69488f1621739e2_1069x377.png) ## **8、 $limit** ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $project:{ trade_no:1, all_price:1 } }, { $match:{"all_price":{$gte:90}} }, { $sort:{"all_price":-1} }, { $limit:1 } ]) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/b596a4656a61c1ac4d39ccd941f19820_980x357.png) ## **9、 $skip** ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $project:{ trade\_no:1, all_price:1 } }, { $match:{"all_price":{$gte:90}} }, { $sort:{"all_price":-1} }, { $skip:1 } ]) ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/4660665c901ef99e91e66d7ba4793adc_1049x382.png) ## **10、 $lookup 表关联** ``` db.order.aggregate([ { $lookup: { from: "order_item", localField: "order_id", foreignField: "order_id", as: "items" } } ]) { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d8c2c327f8d1b360540"), "order_id": "1", "uid": 10, "trade_no": "111", "all_price": 100, "all_num": 2, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d9c2c327f8d1b360543"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品鼠标 1", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da12c327f8d1b360544"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品键盘 2", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b74f457089f78dc8f0a4f3b"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品键盘 3", "price": 0, "num": 1 } ] } { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d902c327f8d1b360541"), "order_id": "2", "uid": 7, "trade_no": "222", "all_price": 90, "all_num": 2, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da52c327f8d1b360545"), "order_id": "2", "title": "牛奶", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da92c327f8d1b360546"), "order_id": "2", "title": "酸奶", "price": 40, "num": 1 } ] } { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d962c327f8d1b360542"), "order_id": "3", "uid": 9, "trade_no": "333", "all_price": 20, "all_num": 6, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743dad2c327f8d1b360547"), "order_id": "3", "title": "矿泉水", "price": 2, "num": 5 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743dff2c327f8d1b360548"), "order_id": "3", "title": "毛巾", "price": 10, "num": 1 } ] } db.order.aggregate([ { $lookup: { from: "order_item", localField: "order_id", foreignField: "order_id", as: "items" } }, { $match:{"all_price":{$gte:90}} } ]) { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d8c2c327f8d1b360540"), "order_id": "1", "uid": 10, "trade_no": "111", "all_price": 100, "all_num": 2, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d9c2c327f8d1b360543"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品鼠标 1", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da12c327f8d1b360544"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品键盘 2", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b74f457089f78dc8f0a4f3b"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品键盘 3", "price": 0, "num": 1 } ] } { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d902c327f8d1b360541"), "order_id": "2", "uid": 7, "trade_no": "222", "all_price": 90, "all_num": 2, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da52c327f8d1b360545"), "order_id": "2", "title": "牛奶", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da92c327f8d1b360546"), "order_id": "2", "title": "酸奶", "price": 40, "num": 1 } ] } db.order.aggregate([ { $lookup: { from: "order\_item", localField: "order_id", foreignField: "order_id", as: "items" } }, { $project:{ trade_no:1, all\_price:1,items:1 } }, { $match:{"all\_price":{$gte:90}} }, { $sort:{"all_price":-1} }, ]) { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d8c2c327f8d1b360540"), "trade_no": "111", "all_price": 100, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d9c2c327f8d1b360543"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品鼠标 1", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da12c327f8d1b360544"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商品键盘 2", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b74f457089f78dc8f0a4f3b"), "order_id": "1", "title": "商 品键盘 3", "price": 0, "num": 1 } ] } { "_id": ObjectId("5b743d902c327f8d1b360541"), "trade_no": "222", "all_price": 90, "items": [ { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da52c327f8d1b360545"), "order_id": "2", "title": "牛奶", "price": 50, "num": 1 }, { "_id": ObjectId("5b743da92c327f8d1b360546"), "order_id": "2", "title": "酸奶", "price": 40, "num": 1 } ] } ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/8a27afeb5815fc418a5549161bbfa6e4_1307x492.png)