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[TOC] # 算法思想 分治算法的基本思想是将一个规模为N的问题分解为K个规模较小的子问题,这些子问题相互独立且与原问题性质相同。求出子问题的解,就可得到原问题的解。即一种分目标完成程序算法,简单问题可用二分法完成。 #### 解题步骤 1. 分解问题:将要解决的问题划分为若干个子问题 2. 求解问题:当子问题划分的足够小时,对子问题进行求解 3. 合并:对所求子问题的结果进行合并,找到原问题的解 # 二分搜索(BinarySearch) # 归并排序(MergeSort) #### 算法思想 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-04-24_571c7840b67ac.jpg) #### 代码实现-1 ``` #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> /* merge sorted arrays a1 and a2, putting result in out */ void merge(int n1, const int a1[], int n2, const int a2[], int out[]) { int i1; int i2; int iout; i1 = i2 = iout = 0; while(i1 < n1 || i2 < n2) { if(i2 >= n2 || ((i1 < n1) && (a1[i1] < a2[i2]))) { /* a1[i1] exists and is smaller */ out[iout++] = a1[i1++]; } else { /* a1[i1] doesn't exist, or is bigger than a2[i2] */ out[iout++] = a2[i2++]; } } } /* sort a, putting result in out */ /* we call this mergeSort to avoid conflict with mergesort in libc */ void mergeSort(int n, const int a[], int out[]) { int *a1; int *a2; if(n < 2) { /* 0 or 1 elements is already sorted */ memcpy(out, a, sizeof(int) * n); } else { /* sort into temp arrays */ a1 = malloc(sizeof(int) * (n/2)); a2 = malloc(sizeof(int) * (n - n/2)); mergeSort(n/2, a, a1); mergeSort(n - n/2, a + n/2, a2); /* merge results */ merge(n/2, a1, n - n/2, a2, out); /* free the temp arrays */ free(a1); free(a2); } } #define N (20) int main(int argc, char **argv) { int a[N]; int b[N]; int i; for(i = 0; i < N; i++) { a[i] = N-i-1; } for(i = 0; i < N; i++) { printf("%d ", a[i]); } putchar('\n'); mergeSort(N, a, b); for(i = 0; i < N; i++) { printf("%d ", b[i]); } putchar('\n'); return 0; } ``` # 快速排序(QuickSort) #### 算法思想 #### 代码实现-1