Scopes are like namespaces for npm modules. If a package's name begins with **@**, then it is a scoped package. The scope is everything in between the **@** and the slash. ~~~ @scope/project-name ~~~ Each npm user has their own scope. ~~~ @username/project-name ~~~ You can find more in depth information about scopes in the CLI documentation. ## 更新npm并登录 You need a version of npm greater than 2.7.0, and you'll need to log in to npm again on the command line if this is your first time using scoped modules. ~~~ sudo npm install -g npm npm login ~~~ ## 初始化局部包 To create a scoped package, you simply use a package name that starts with your scope. ~~~ { "name": "@username/project-name" } ~~~ If you use npm init, you can add your scope as an option to that command. ~~~ npm init --scope=username ~~~ If you use the same scope all the time, you will probably want to set this option in your **.npmrc** file. ~~~ npm config set scope username ~~~ ## 发布局部包 Scoped packages are private by default. To publish private modules, you need to be a paid private modules user. However, public scoped modules are free and don't require a paid subscription. To publish a public scoped module, set the access option when publishing it. This option will remain set for all subsequent publishes. ~~~ npm publish --access=public ~~~ ## 使用局部包 To use a scoped package, you simply include the scope wherever you use the package name. In package.json: ~~~ { "dependencies": { "@username/project-name": "^1.0.0" } } ~~~ On the command line: ~~~ npm install @username/project-name --save ~~~ In a require statement: ~~~ var projectName = require("@username/project-name") ~~~ For information about using scoped private modules, visit npmjs.com/private-modules.