# 7-原生类型
[原文链接](http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/PrimitivesExplained) [译文链接](http://ifeve.com/google-guava-primitives) 译者:沈义扬,校对:丁一
## 概述
Java的原生类型就是指基本类型:byte、short、int、long、float、double、char和boolean。
_在从Guava查找原生类型方法之前,可以先查查_[**_Arrays_**](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html)_类,或者对应的基础类型包装类,如_[**_Integer_**](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/Integer.html)**_。_**
原生类型不能当作对象或泛型的类型参数使用,这意味着许多通用方法都不能应用于它们。Guava提供了若干通用工具,包括原生类型数组与集合API的交互,原生类型和字节数组的相互转换,以及对某些原生类型的无符号形式的支持。
| **原生类型** | **Guava****工具类(都在****com.google.common.primitives****包****)** |
|:--- |:--- |
| byte | [`Bytes`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Bytes.html), [`SignedBytes`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/SignedBytes.html), [`UnsignedBytes`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedBytes.html) |
| short | [`Shorts`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Shorts.html) |
| int | [`Ints`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Ints.html), [`UnsignedInteger`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedInteger.html), [`UnsignedInts`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedInts.html) |
| long | [`Longs`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Longs.html), [`UnsignedLong`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedLong.html), [`UnsignedLongs`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedLongs.html) |
| float | [`Floats`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Floats.html) |
| double | [`Doubles`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Doubles.html) |
| char | [`Chars`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Chars.html) |
| boolean | [`Booleans`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/Booleans.html) |
Bytes工具类没有定义任何区分有符号和无符号字节的方法,而是把它们都放到了SignedBytes和UnsignedBytes工具类中,因为字节类型的符号性比起其它类型要略微含糊一些。
int和long的无符号形式方法在UnsignedInts和UnsignedLongs类中,但由于这两个类型的大多数用法都是有符号的,Ints和Longs类按照有符号形式处理方法的输入参数。
此外,Guava为int和long的无符号形式提供了包装类,即UnsignedInteger和UnsignedLong,以帮助你使用类型系统,以极小的性能消耗对有符号和无符号值进行强制转换。
在本章下面描述的方法签名中,我们用Wrapper表示JDK包装类,prim表示原生类型。(Prims表示相应的Guava工具类。)
## 原生类型数组工具
原生类型数组是处理原生类型集合的最有效方式(从内存和性能双方面考虑)。Guava为此提供了许多工具方法。
| **方法签名** | **描述** | **类似方法** | **可用性** |
|:--- |:--- |:--- |:--- |
| List<Wrapper> asList(prim… backingArray) | 把数组转为相应包装类的List | [Arrays.asList](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html#asList%28T...%29) | 符号无关* |
| prim[] toArray(Collection<Wrapper> collection) | 把集合拷贝为数组,和collection.toArray()一样线程安全 | [Collection.toArray()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collection.html#toArray%28%29) | 符号无关 |
| prim[] concat(prim[]… arrays) | 串联多个原生类型数组 | [Iterables.concat](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/collect/Iterables.html#concat%28java.lang.Iterable...%29) | 符号无关 |
| boolean contains(prim[] array, prim target) | 判断原生类型数组是否包含给定值 | [Collection.contains](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collection.html#contains%28java.lang.Object%29) | 符号无关 |
| int indexOf(prim[] array, prim target) | 给定值在数组中首次出现处的索引,若不包含此值返回-1 | [List.indexOf](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/List.html#indexOf%28java.lang.Object%29) | 符号无关 |
| int lastIndexOf(prim[] array, prim target) | 给定值在数组最后出现的索引,若不包含此值返回-1 | [List.lastIndexOf](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/List.html#lastIndexOf%28java.lang.Object%29) | 符号无关 |
| prim min(prim… array) | 数组中最小的值 | [Collections.min](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#min%28java.util.Collection%29) | 符号相关* |
| prim max(prim… array) | 数组中最大的值 | [Collections.max](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#max%28java.util.Collection%29) | 符号相关 |
| String join(String separator, prim… array) | 把数组用给定分隔符连接为字符串 | [Joiner.on(separator).join](http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/StringsExplained#Joiner) | 符号相关 |
| Comparator<prim[]> lexicographicalComparator() | 按字典序比较原生类型数组的Comparator | [Ordering.natural().lexicographical()](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/collect/Ordering.html#lexicographical%28%29) | 符号相关 |
*符号无关方法存在于Bytes, Shorts, Ints, Longs, Floats, Doubles, Chars, Booleans。而UnsignedInts, UnsignedLongs, SignedBytes, 或UnsignedBytes不存在。
*符号相关方法存在于SignedBytes, UnsignedBytes, Shorts, Ints, Longs, Floats, Doubles, Chars, Booleans, UnsignedInts, UnsignedLongs。而Bytes不存在。
## 通用工具方法
Guava为原生类型提供了若干JDK6没有的工具方法。但请注意,其中某些方法已经存在于JDK7中。
| **方法签名** | **描述** | **可用性** |
|:--- |:--- |:--- |
| int compare(prim a, prim b) | 传统的Comparator.compare方法,但针对原生类型。JDK7的原生类型包装类也提供这样的方法 | 符号相关 |
| prim checkedCast(long value) | 把给定long值转为某一原生类型,若给定值不符合该原生类型,则抛出IllegalArgumentException | 仅适用于符号相关的整型* |
| prim saturatedCast(long value) | 把给定long值转为某一原生类型,若给定值不符合则使用最接近的原生类型值 | 仅适用于符号相关的整型 |
*这里的整型包括byte, short, int, long。不包括char, boolean, float, 或double。
_**译者注:不符合主要是指long值超出prim类型的范围,比如过大的long超出int范围。_
注:com.google.common.math.DoubleMath提供了舍入double的方法,支持多种舍入模式。相见第12章的”浮点数运算”。
## 字节转换方法
Guava提供了若干方法,用来把原生类型按**大字节序**与字节数组相互转换。所有这些方法都是符号无关的,此外Booleans没有提供任何下面的方法。
| **方法或字段签名** | **描述** |
|:--- |:--- |
| int BYTES | 常量:表示该原生类型需要的字节数 |
| prim fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) | 使用字节数组的前Prims.BYTES个字节,按**大字节序**返回原生类型值;如果bytes.length <= Prims.BYTES,抛出IAE |
| prim fromBytes(byte b1, …, byte bk) | 接受Prims.BYTES个字节参数,按**大字节序**返回原生类型值 |
| byte[] toByteArray(prim value) | 按**大字节序**返回value的字节数组 |
## 无符号支持
JDK原生类型包装类提供了针对有符号类型的方法,而UnsignedInts和UnsignedLongs工具类提供了相应的无符号通用方法。UnsignedInts和UnsignedLongs直接处理原生类型:使用时,由你自己保证只传入了无符号类型的值。
此外,对int和long,Guava提供了无符号包装类([UnsignedInteger](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedInteger.html)和[UnsignedLong](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedLong.html)),来帮助你以极小的性能消耗,对有符号和无符号类型进行强制转换。
### 无符号通用工具方法
JDK的原生类型包装类提供了有符号形式的类似方法。
| **方法签名** | **说明** |
|:--- |:--- |
| [`int UnsignedInts.parseUnsignedInt(String)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/…ogle/common/primitives/UnsignedInts.html#parseUnsignedInt%28java.lang.String%29)[`long UnsignedLongs.parseUnsignedLong(String)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/…le/common/primitives/UnsignedLongs.html#parseUnsignedLong%28java.lang.String%29) | 按无符号十进制解析字符串 |
| [`int UnsignedInts.parseUnsignedInt(String string, int radix)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/…ogle/common/primitives/UnsignedInts.html#parseUnsignedInt%28java.lang.String, int%29)[`long UnsignedLongs.parseUnsignedLong(String string, int radix)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/…le/common/primitives/UnsignedLongs.html#parseUnsignedLong%28java.lang.String%29) | 按无符号的特定进制解析字符串 |
| [`String UnsignedInts.toString(int)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedInts.html#toString%28int%29)[`String UnsignedLongs.toString(long)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedLongs.html#toString%28long%29) | 数字按无符号十进制转为字符串 |
| [`String UnsignedInts.toString(int value, int radix)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedInts.html#toString%28int, int%29)[`String UnsignedLongs.toString(long value, int radix)`](http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git-history/release/javadoc/com/google/common/primitives/UnsignedLongs.html#toString%28long, int%29) | 数字按无符号特定进制转为字符串 |
### 无符号包装类
无符号包装类包含了若干方法,让使用和转换更容易。
| **方法签名** | **说明** |
|:--- |:--- |
| UnsignedPrim add(UnsignedPrim), subtract, multiply, divide, remainder | 简单算术运算 |
| UnsignedPrim valueOf(BigInteger) | 按给定BigInteger返回无符号对象,若BigInteger为负或不匹配,抛出IAE |
| UnsignedPrim valueOf(long) | 按给定long返回无符号对象,若long为负或不匹配,抛出IAE |
| UnsignedPrim asUnsigned(prim value) | 把给定的值当作无符号类型。例如,UnsignedInteger.asUnsigned(1<<31)的值为2<sup>31</sup>,尽管1<<31当作int时是负的 |
| BigInteger bigIntegerValue() | 用BigInteger返回该无符号对象的值 |
| toString(), toString(int radix) | 返回无符号值的字符串表示 |
- Google Guava官方教程(中文版)
- 1-基本工具
- 1.1-使用和避免null
- 1.2-前置条件
- 1.3-常见Object方法
- 1.4-排序: Guava强大的”流畅风格比较器”
- 1.5-Throwables:简化异常和错误的传播与检查
- 2-集合
- 2.1-不可变集合
- 2.2-新集合类型
- 2.3-强大的集合工具类:java.util.Collections中未包含的集合工具
- 2.4-集合扩展工具类
- 3-缓存
- 4-函数式编程
- 5-并发
- 5.1-google Guava包的ListenableFuture解析
- 5.2-Google-Guava Concurrent包里的Service框架浅析
- 6-字符串处理:分割,连接,填充
- 7-原生类型
- 9-I/O
- 10-散列
- 11-事件总线
- 12-数学运算
- 13-反射