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# SQLite - Java ## 安装 在 Java 程序中使用 SQLite 之前,我们需要确保机器上已经有 SQLite JDBC Driver 驱动程序和 Java。可以查看 Java 教程了解如何在计算机上安装 Java。现在,我们来看看如何在机器上安装 SQLite JDBC 驱动程序。 * 从 [sqlite-jdbc](https://bitbucket.org/xerial/sqlite-jdbc/downloads) 库下载 _sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar_ 的最新版本。 * 在您的 class 路径中添加下载的 jar 文件 _sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar_,或者在 -classpath 选项中使用它,这将在后面的实例中进行讲解。 在学习下面部分的知识之前,您必须对 Java JDBC 概念有初步了解。如果您还未了解相关知识,那么建议您可以先花半个小时学习下 JDBC 教程相关知识,这将有助于您学习接下来讲解的知识。 ## 连接数据库 下面的 Java 程序显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在,那么它就会被创建,最后将返回一个数据库对象。 ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); } } ``` 现在,让我们来编译和运行上面的程序,在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 **test.db**。您可以根据需要改变路径。我们假设当前路径下可用的 JDBC 驱动程序的版本是 _sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar_。 ``` $javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC Open database successfully ``` 如果您想要使用 Windows 机器,可以按照下列所示编译和运行您的代码: ``` $javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC Opened database successfully ``` ## 创建表 下面的 Java 程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表: ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); stmt = c.createStatement(); String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " + "(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," + " NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " + " AGE INT NOT NULL, " + " ADDRESS CHAR(50), " + " SALARY REAL)"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); stmt.close(); c.close(); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Table created successfully"); } } ``` 上述程序编译和执行时,它会在 **test.db** 中创建 COMPANY 表,最终文件列表如下所示: ``` -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1506 May 8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 832 May 8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3072 May 8 05:43 test.db ``` ## INSERT 操作 下面的 Java 代码显示了如何在上面创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录: ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); c.setAutoCommit(false); System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); stmt = c.createStatement(); String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); stmt.close(); c.commit(); c.close(); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Records created successfully"); } } ``` 上述程序编译和执行时,它会在 COMPANY 表中创建给定记录,并会显示以下两行: ``` Opened database successfully Records created successfully ``` ## SELECT 操作 下面的 Java 程序显示了如何从前面创建的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示记录: ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); c.setAutoCommit(false); System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); stmt = c.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" ); while ( rs.next() ) { int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); int age = rs.getInt("age"); String address = rs.getString("address"); float salary = rs.getFloat("salary"); System.out.println( "ID = " + id ); System.out.println( "NAME = " + name ); System.out.println( "AGE = " + age ); System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address ); System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary ); System.out.println(); } rs.close(); stmt.close(); c.close(); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Operation done successfully"); } } ``` 上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果: ``` Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully ``` ## UPDATE 操作 下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录: ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); c.setAutoCommit(false); System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); stmt = c.createStatement(); String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); c.commit(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" ); while ( rs.next() ) { int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); int age = rs.getInt("age"); String address = rs.getString("address"); float salary = rs.getFloat("salary"); System.out.println( "ID = " + id ); System.out.println( "NAME = " + name ); System.out.println( "AGE = " + age ); System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address ); System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary ); System.out.println(); } rs.close(); stmt.close(); c.close(); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Operation done successfully"); } } ``` 上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果: ``` Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully ``` ## DELETE 操作 下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录: ``` import java.sql.*; public class SQLiteJDBC { public static void main( String args[] ) { Connection c = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db"); c.setAutoCommit(false); System.out.println("Opened database successfully"); stmt = c.createStatement(); String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); c.commit(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" ); while ( rs.next() ) { int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); int age = rs.getInt("age"); String address = rs.getString("address"); float salary = rs.getFloat("salary"); System.out.println( "ID = " + id ); System.out.println( "NAME = " + name ); System.out.println( "AGE = " + age ); System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address ); System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary ); System.out.println(); } rs.close(); stmt.close(); c.close(); } catch ( Exception e ) { System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() ); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("Operation done successfully"); } } ``` 上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果: ``` Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully ```