# 动词不定式、动名词
## 动词不定式：to+动词原形
* 构成：to+动词原形
* 可以做主语、宾语、宾补、定语、表语和状语
```
主语
To get there by bike will take us an hour.骑自行车到那将会花掉我们一个小时。
宾语
The driver failed to see the car in time.司机没有及时看到那辆小车失败了。
宾补
We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。
定语
The next train to arrive is from Seoul.将到达的下一辆火车来自首尔。
表语
My suggestion is to put off the meeting.我的建议是推迟会议。
状语
I come here only to say goodbye to you.
```
## 动名词：动词原形+ing
* 构成：动词原形+ing
* 可以作动名词使用，具有动词的特征和变化形式，但在句子中的用法及功能类同名词
* 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
* 它也可以被副词修饰或支配宾语
```
Reading is an art.
They went on walking and never stopped talking.
Your task is quickly cleaning the windows.
This is a reading room.
```
> 动名词作主语，动作弱化；
> 不定式作主语，动作强化，多指要去做某事
# 假主语（形式主语）
非谓语动词用法的延伸，假主语就是用一个词来代替真正的主语，为什么要代替呢？就是因为主语太长了，如果主语放在句首，就会显得句子头重脚轻，这是就是用it来代替真正的主语，然后将主语放在句子的后面。
* 不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上，但一般用it代替它作形式主语，这种情况it叫做形式主语
```
It's a great honor to be invited.被邀请很荣幸。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
```
# 假宾语（形式宾语）
在宾语的位置上，用it代替它作形式宾语，这种情况it叫形式宾语。
```
We think it important to learn English.我认为学英语很重要。
I found it pleasant walking in the park.在公园走是件乐事。
```
# 不定式/动名词的否定式
在其前加not构成否定
```
He pretended not to see her. 他假装没有看见她。
He regrets not joining them.他后悔没有加入他们。
```
# 动词不定式作目的状语的具体使用
in order to + v 表示目的
so as to + v 表示目的
由in order to 引导的目的状语，置于句首，句尾均可。
由so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾
```
I've written it down in order to remember it.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.他大声喊并挥手为了被注意到。
```
否定形式为，在to前面加not
```
I've written it down in order not to forget it.
He said nothing so as not to be noticed.
```
# 常见的不定式和动名词的句型
## 包含不定式或动名词的一些固定结构
* too~to~ 太xxx以至于不能xxx
```
The room is too small to live.`这个房间太小了以至于不能居住。
```
* enough+n+to+v/adj+enough+to+v 足够xxx可以xxx
```
There is enough food to eat.有足够的食物来吃。
The box is big enough to contain six apples.这个盒子足够大可以装6个苹果。
```
* On + v-ing 一xxx就xxx
```
On seeing the snake,the girl was very fightened.一看见那条蛇，这个女孩就非常害怕。
```
* There is no hope of+v-ing 没希望xxx
```
There is no hope of seeing him.没希望看见他了。
```
* feel like+v-ing 想要~
```
I feel like eating ice cream.我想要吃冰淇淋。
```
* have a hard time+v-ing 做~艰难
```
They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.他们自己解决那个问题很艰难。
```
# 现在分词、过去分词、分词句
## 现在分词
v-ing可称之为动名词，有时也是现在分词
```
动名词
Writing books is his job.
现在分词
He is writing a book.
```
## 过去分词
动词的p.p.形式可称之为动词的过去分词，用在完成时和被动语态当中。
```
He has written the homework.
The homework is written.
```
## 分词句
分词句是包含现在分词或过去分词的分句
```
The students went out of the classroom,laughing and talking.
这些学生有说有笑的走出了教室。伴随状语
Accompanied by his friend,he went to the railway station.
被他的朋友伴随着，他去了火车站。
```
