其实写分析源码文章总会显得很复杂很乏味，但是梳理自己看源码时的一些总结也是一种提高。这篇博客分析下Activity启动过程源码，我会尽量说得简单点。个人的观点是看源码不能看得太细，否则就会花费很多时间并很难理清整个过程。所以本次分析重在理清activity的一个启动流程。
首先大概总结下activity启动的整个流程，这个过程涉及到Instrumentation,ActivityThread,和ActivityManagerService（AMS）。通过Binder向AMS发请求，AMS内部有一个ActivityStack，它负责栈内的Activity同步，AMS去通过ActivityThread去调用Activity的生命周期方法完成Activity的启动。如果对Binder进程间通信不了解可看下[IPC——android进程间通信](http://blog.csdn.net/u014486880/article/details/50354017)
先上一张总图，等看完博客可以再回头来看下这图：
### 一.启动预处理
启动一个activity最常用的方法就是startActivityForResult或者startActivity，而startActivity也是调用startActivityForResult，所以此次分析入口当然是startActivityForResult。
~~~
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation .execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread .getApplicationThread() , mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options) ;
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread .sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode , ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
// the activity visible until the result is received. Setting
// this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
// activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
// This can only be done when a result is requested because
// that guarantees we will get information back when the
// activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
mStartedActivity = true;
}
final View decor = mWindow != null ? mWindow .peekDecorView() : null;
if (decor != null) {
decor.cancelPendingInputEvents();
}
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent .startActivityFromChild( this, intent, requestCode, options) ;
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent .startActivityFromChild( this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
if (options != null && !isTopOfTask()) {
mActivityTransitionState .startExitOutTransition( this, options);
}
}
~~~
Intrumentation它用来监控应用程序和系统的交互。而mMainThread.getApplicationThread()获取ApplicationThread，它是ActivityThread的一个内部类，是一个Binder对象，后面我们会看到，ActivityManagerService会使用它来和ActivityThread来进行进程间通信。上面的代码最终调用了execStartActivity方法。
~~~
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token , Activity target,
Intent intent , int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
if ( mActivityMonitors != null ) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size() ;
for ( int i=0 ; i<N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am. mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess() ;
int result = ActivityManagerNative. getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName() , intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options) ;
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent) ;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
return null;
}
~~~
这里的intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded返回这个intent的MIME类型，如果没有在AndroidManifest.xml设置MainActivity的MIME类型那就返回null。启动的真正实现类由ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()的startActivity方法完成。先分析下ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()。
~~~
public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager{
…………
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity") ;
if ( false) {
Log.v ("ActivityManager" , "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface (b);
if ( false) {
Log.v ("ActivityManager" , "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
}
~~~
可以看到ActivityManagerNative是一个抽象类，它继承Binder，并实现了IActivityManager接口，ActivityManagerService(下称AMS)继承着ActivityManagerNative，所以它是IActivityManager的具体实现类。ActivityManagerNative.getDefault是一个IActivityManager类型的Binder对象，因此它的具体实现是AMS。获取的AMS的Binder对象是一个单例。ActivityManagerNative就相当于AIDL文件自动生成的那个类。ActivityManagerProxy是ActivityManagerNative中的一个代理方法，看下它的startActivity代码：
~~~
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
public ActivityManagerProxy(IBinder remote)
{
mRemote = remote;
}
public IBinder asBinder()
{
return mRemote;
}
public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(startFlags);
if (profilerInfo != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
if (options != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}
public int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options,
int userId) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(startFlags);
if (profilerInfo != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
if (options != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
data.writeInt(userId);
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_AS_USER_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
…………
}
~~~
看到这就会发现，其实就是AIDL来进行进程间通信。它是真正实现类还应该是AMS中的startActivity。
~~~
public int startActivity(IBinder whoThread, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, Bundle options) {
checkCaller();
int callingUser = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();
TaskRecord tr;
IApplicationThread appThread;
synchronized (ActivityManagerService.this) {
tr = recentTaskForIdLocked(mTaskId);
if (tr == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find task ID " + mTaskId);
}
appThread = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(whoThread);
if (appThread == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad app thread " + appThread);
}
}
return mStackSupervisor.startActivityMayWait(appThread, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, null, null, 0, 0, null, null,
null, options, callingUser, null, tr);
}
~~~
最后调用了 mStackSupervisor.startActivityMayWait，主要看两部分：
1.解析Intent。
下面语句对参数intent的内容进行解析，得到MainActivity的相关信息，保存在aInfo变量中：
~~~
ActivityInfo aInfo;
try {
ResolveInfo rInfo =
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
intent, resolvedType,
PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
| ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
~~~
2.：调用startActivityLocked。
~~~
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType, aInfo,
voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho,
requestCode, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage,
realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags, options,
componentSpecified, null, container, inTask);
~~~
最的返回了startActivityLocked，它在ActivityStackSupervisor中，再看下它的代码：
~~~
final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage,
int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags, Bundle options,
boolean componentSpecified, ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask) {
int err = ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS;
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
if (caller != null) {
callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp != null) {
callingPid = callerApp.pid;
callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
} else {
Slog.w(TAG, "Unable to find app for caller " + caller
+ " (pid=" + callingPid + ") when starting: "
+ intent.toString());
err = ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
}
…………
ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
if (resultTo != null) {
sourceRecord = isInAnyStackLocked(resultTo);
if (DEBUG_RESULTS) Slog.v(
TAG, "Will send result to " + resultTo + " " + sourceRecord);
if (sourceRecord != null) {
if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) {
resultRecord = sourceRecord;
}
}
}
final int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0 && sourceRecord != null) {
// Transfer the result target from the source activity to the new
// one being started, including any failures.
if (requestCode >= 0) {
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_FORWARD_AND_REQUEST_CONFLICT;
}
resultRecord = sourceRecord.resultTo;
resultWho = sourceRecord.resultWho;
requestCode = sourceRecord.requestCode;
sourceRecord.resultTo = null;
…………
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingUid, callingPackage,
intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho,
requestCode, componentSpecified, this, container, options);
^………………
err = startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
startFlags, true, options, inTask);
~~~
分三步：
1.从传进来的参数caller得到调用者的进程信息，并保存在callerApp变量中，这里就是Launcher应用程序的进程信息了。 前面说过，参数resultTo是Launcher这个Activity里面的一个Binder对象，通过它可以获得Launcher这个Activity的相关信息，保存在sourceRecord变量中。
2.创建即将要启动的Activity的相关信息，并保存在r变量中。
3.调用startActivityUncheckedLocked。
startActivityUncheckedLocked的核心代码如下：
~~~
final boolean launchSingleTop = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP;
final boolean launchSingleInstance = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE;
final boolean launchSingleTask = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK;
int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
if ((launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_DOCUMENT) != 0 &&
(launchSingleInstance || launchSingleTask)) {
// We have a conflict between the Intent and the Activity manifest, manifest wins.
Slog.i(TAG, "Ignoring FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_DOCUMENT, launchMode is " +
"\"singleInstance\" or \"singleTask\"");
launchFlags &=
~(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_DOCUMENT | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK);
…………
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivitiesLocked();
}
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
~~~
函数首先获得intent的标志值，保存在launchFlags变量中。。Activity的启动方式有四种，接下来一系列判断就是决定Activity四种不同启动模式的启动方式。然后判断当前要启动的Activity是否就是当前堆栈顶端的Activity，如果是的话，在某些情况下，就不用再重新启动了。最后调用了resumeTopActivitiesLocked，现在这个过程己经从ActivityStackSupervisor转移到ActivityStack。
~~~
final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev, Bundle options) {
if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
// Don't even start recursing.
return false;
}
boolean result = false;
try {
// Protect against recursion.
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) {
mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN;
mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked();
}
result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
} finally {
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
}
return result;
}
~~~
通过上面的代码可知，resumeTopActivitiesLocked调用了resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法。来看下resumeTopActivityInnerLocked源代码，由于这部分代码很长，只贴出它的最主要流程：
~~~
if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> ......
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> return false;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> }
.......
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> // can be resumed...
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> if (mResumedActivity != null) {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> if (mResumedActivity != null) {
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG, "resumeTopActivityLocked: Pausing " + mResumedActivity);
pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, true, dontWaitForPause);
}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> return true;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> }
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> ......
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> ......
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> } else {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> ......
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> }
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> return true;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> }
~~~
由上可以清晰的看到，如果当前activity没暂停，要先把它暂停。
### 二.暂停当前Activity
上面己经分析到新Activity启动会先把之前的Activity暂停，具体是调用startPausingLocked方法。它的核心代码如下：
~~~
if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) {
if (DEBUG_PAUSE) Slog.v(TAG, "Enqueueing pending pause: " + prev);
try {
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
prev.userId, System.identityHashCode(prev),
prev.shortComponentName);
mService.updateUsageStats(prev, false);
prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev.appToken, prev.finishing,
userLeaving, prev.configChangeFlags, dontWait);
~~~
prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口，它的类型是IApplicationThread。通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Activity进入Paused状态。先看下IApplicationThread接口。
~~~
public interface IApplicationThread extends IInterface {
void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving,
int configChanges, boolean dontReport) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleStopActivity(IBinder token, boolean showWindow,
int configChanges) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleWindowVisibility(IBinder token, boolean showWindow) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleSleeping(IBinder token, boolean sleeping) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleResumeActivity(IBinder token, int procState, boolean isForward, Bundle resumeArgs)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleSendResult(IBinder token, List<ResultInfo> results) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, int procState, Bundle state,
PersistableBundle persistentState, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleRelaunchActivity(IBinder token, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents, int configChanges,
boolean notResumed, Configuration config) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleNewIntent(List<ReferrerIntent> intent, IBinder token) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleDestroyActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
int configChanges) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleReceiver(Intent intent, ActivityInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean sync,
int sendingUser, int processState) throws RemoteException;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_INCREMENTAL = 0;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_FULL = 1;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_RESTORE = 2;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_RESTORE_FULL = 3;
void scheduleCreateBackupAgent(ApplicationInfo app, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int backupMode) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleDestroyBackupAgent(ApplicationInfo app, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token, ServiceInfo info,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleBindService(IBinder token,
Intent intent, boolean rebind, int processState) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleUnbindService(IBinder token,
Intent intent) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleServiceArgs(IBinder token, boolean taskRemoved, int startId,
int flags, Intent args) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleStopService(IBinder token) throws RemoteException;
static final int DEBUG_OFF = 0;
static final int DEBUG_ON = 1;
static final int DEBUG_WAIT = 2;
void bindApplication(String packageName, ApplicationInfo info, List<ProviderInfo> providers,
ComponentName testName, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle testArguments,
IInstrumentationWatcher testWatcher, IUiAutomationConnection uiAutomationConnection,
int debugMode, boolean openGlTrace, boolean restrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent,
Configuration config, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map<String, IBinder> services,
Bundle coreSettings) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleExit() throws RemoteException;
void scheduleSuicide() throws RemoteException;
void scheduleConfigurationChanged(Configuration config) throws RemoteException;
void updateTimeZone() throws RemoteException;
void clearDnsCache() throws RemoteException;
void setHttpProxy(String proxy, String port, String exclList,
Uri pacFileUrl) throws RemoteException;
void processInBackground() throws RemoteException;
void dumpService(FileDescriptor fd, IBinder servicetoken, String[] args)
throws RemoteException;
void dumpProvider(FileDescriptor fd, IBinder servicetoken, String[] args)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered,
boolean sticky, int sendingUser, int processState) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleLowMemory() throws RemoteException;
void scheduleActivityConfigurationChanged(IBinder token) throws RemoteException;
void profilerControl(boolean start, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, int profileType)
throws RemoteException;
void dumpHeap(boolean managed, String path, ParcelFileDescriptor fd)
throws RemoteException;
~~~
由此猜测它与activity，service的开启有关。IApplicationThread这个IBind实现者完成了大量和Activity以及service有关的功能。
而ApplicationThreadNative就是它的实现类。
~~~
public abstract class ApplicationThreadNative extends Binder
implements IApplicationThread {
/**
* Cast a Binder object into an application thread interface, generating
* a proxy if needed.
*/
static public IApplicationThread asInterface(IBinder obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
IApplicationThread in =
(IApplicationThread)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
return new ApplicationThreadProxy(obj);
}
public ApplicationThreadNative() {
attachInterface(this, descriptor);
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION:
{
data.enforceInterface(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
boolean finished = data.readInt() != 0;
boolean userLeaving = data.readInt() != 0;
int configChanges = data.readInt();
boolean dontReport = data.readInt() != 0;
schedulePauseActivity(b, finished, userLeaving, configChanges, dontReport);
return true;
}
~~~
~~~
<pre name="code" class="java" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 26px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(token);
data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0);
data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 :0);
data.writeInt(configChanges);
data.writeInt(dontReport ? 1 : 0);
mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
data.recycle();
}
………………}
~~~
由上可见它就是一个Binder抽象类，ApplicationThreadProxy是代理类。真正实现类是ApplicationThread。直接看ApplicationThread的schedulePauseActivity方法。
~~~
public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
sendMessage(
finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
token,
(userLeaving ? 1 : 0) | (dontReport ? 2 : 0),
configChanges);
}
~~~
看到这，就知道接下来肯定是用Handler来发送消息了，发送消息的代码如下：
~~~
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2, boolean async) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(
TAG, "SCHEDULE " + what + " " + mH.codeToString(what)
+ ": " + arg1 + " / " + obj);
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
msg.obj = obj;
msg.arg1 = arg1;
msg.arg2 = arg2;
if (async) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
mH.sendMessage(msg);
}
~~~
就是在发送一个暂停Activity的消息给Handler处理，这个Handler名字为H。H在它的handlerMessage中处理相应的请求，它的实现如下：
~~~
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
…………
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, (msg.arg1&1) != 0, msg.arg2,
(msg.arg1&2) != 0);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
…………
}
~~~
看下handlePauseActivity的代码：
~~~
private void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
if (r != null) {
//Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
if (userLeaving) {
performUserLeavingActivity(r);
}
r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
performPauseActivity(token, finished, r.isPreHoneycomb());
// Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
}
// Tell the activity manager we have paused.
if (!dontReport) {
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
}
~~~
函数首先将Binder引用token转换成ActivityRecord的远程接口ActivityClientRecord，然后做了三个事情：1. 如果userLeaving为true，则通过调用performUserLeavingActivity函数来调用Activity.onUserLeaveHint通知Activity，用户要离开它了；2. 调用performPauseActivity函数来调用Activity.onPause函数，我们知道，在Activity的生命周期中，当它要让位于其它的Activity时，系统就会调用它的onPause函数；3. 它通知ActivityManagerService，这个Activity已经进入Paused状态了，ActivityManagerService现在可以完成未竟的事情，即启动MainActivity了。
看下ActivityManagerService.activityPaused的代码：
~~~
public final void activityPaused(IBinder token) {
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
synchronized(this) {
ActivityStack stack = ActivityRecord.getStackLocked(token);
if (stack != null) {
stack.activityPausedLocked(token, false);
}
}
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
~~~
绕了一大圈又回到了ActivityStack中，调用它的activityPauseLocked方法。
~~~
final void activityPausedLocked(IBinder token, boolean timeout) {
if (DEBUG_PAUSE) Slog.v(
TAG, "Activity paused: token=" + token + ", timeout=" + timeout);
final ActivityRecord r = isInStackLocked(token);
if (r != null) {
mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
if (mPausingActivity == r) {
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.v(TAG, "Moving to PAUSED: " + r
+ (timeout ? " (due to timeout)" : " (pause complete)"));
completePauseLocked(true);
} else {
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_FAILED_TO_PAUSE,
r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), r.shortComponentName,
mPausingActivity != null
? mPausingActivity.shortComponentName : "(none)");
}
}
}
~~~
前一个Activity的信息保存在mPausingActivity中，因此，这里mPausingActivity等于r，于是，执行completePauseLocked操作。
~~~
private void completePauseLocked(boolean resumeNext) {
…………
if (resumeNext) {
final ActivityStack topStack = mStackSupervisor.getFocusedStack();
if (!mService.isSleepingOrShuttingDown()) {
mStackSupervisor.resumeTopActivitiesLocked(topStack, prev, null);
} else {
mStackSupervisor.checkReadyForSleepLocked();
ActivityRecord top = topStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null);
if (top == null || (prev != null && top != prev)) {
// If there are no more activities available to run,
// do resume anyway to start something. Also if the top
// activity on the stack is not the just paused activity,
// we need to go ahead and resume it to ensure we complete
// an in-flight app switch.
mStackSupervisor.resumeTopActivitiesLocked(topStack, null, null);
}
}
}
…………
}
~~~
很显然，又回到了resumeTopActivitiesLocked中，这次activity己经停止，所以它调用了ActivityStackSupervisor的StartSpecificActivityLocked方法。
### 三,启动Activity
其实启动Activity与暂停很类似，都是在ApplicationThread中实现的，看代码：
~~~
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode,
mService.mProcessStats);
}
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
~~~
接下来重点看下realStartActivityLocked，它代码中有以下一段
~~~
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration),
r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage, r.task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState,
r.icicle, r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
~~~
是不是有种似曾相识的感觉。接下来就是跟暂停一样了，调用ApplicationThread中的scheduleLaunchActivity，最终调用H中的HandlerMessage。
~~~
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
………………
~~~
再看下handleLaunchActivity()的实现，代码比较长，只看核心的。
~~~
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
// Initialize before creating the activity
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);
~~~
performLaunchAcitvity中调用Activity的onCreate()，onStart()方法，handlerResumeActivity调用onResume()方法。重点看下performLaunchAcitvity，我们把它拆分来看，它总共完成以下几个功能。
1.从ActivityClientRecord中获取待启动的Activity的组件信息
~~~
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
if (r.packageInfo == null) {
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
}
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
if (component == null) {
component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
r.intent.setComponent(component);
}
if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
}
~~~
2.通过Instrumentation 的newActivity方法使用类加载器创建Activity对象
~~~
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
~~~
重点实现在newActivity中
~~~
public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className,
Intent intent)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
ClassNotFoundException {
return (Activity)cl.loadClass(className).newInstance();
}
~~~
3.通过LoadedApk的makeApplication方法来尝试创建Application
~~~
public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
Instrumentation instrumentation) {
if (mApplication != null) {
return mApplication;
}
Application app = null;
String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
appClass = "android.app.Application";
}
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {
initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
}
ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
cl, appClass, appContext);
appContext.setOuterContext(app);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate application " + appClass
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
mApplication = app;
if (instrumentation != null) {
try {
instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!instrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
…………
~~~
如果Application被创建了，就不会再重复创建了。这也意味着一个应用只有一个Application，它的创建是通过Instrumentation来完成的。通过类加载载来实现。创建完通过callApplicationOnCreate来调用Application的onCreate()方法。
4,创建ContextImpl对象并通过Activity的attach方法来完成一些重要数据的初始化。
~~~
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
+ r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor);
~~~
ContextImpl是通过Activity的attach方法与Acitivity建立关联的。此外attach来完成window的创建并建立自己和window的关联。这样当window接收到外部输入事件后就可以将事件传递给Activity。
到些Activity就启动起来了。
### 四，总结
在应用程序内部启动新的Activity的过程要执行很多步骤，但是整体来看，主要分为以下四个阶段：
1. 应用程序的MainActivity通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService，它要启动一个新的Activity；
2. ：ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知MainActivity进入Paused状态；
3. MainActivity通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService，它已经准备就绪进入Paused状态，于是ActivityManagerService就准备要在MainActivity所在的进程和任务中启动新的Activity了；
4. ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知MainActivity所在的ActivityThread，现在一切准备就绪，它可以真正执行Activity的启动操作了。
现在再回头去看下那个启动图，应该大部分能看懂了。
- 前言
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- IPC——android进程间通信
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- Activity你需要知道的一切
- Activity启动过程源码分析
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- Data Binding Guide——google官方文档翻译（下）
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- android中生成excel
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