QUALIFICATION SUBMITTALS - Data pertaining to a bidder's qualifications which shall be submitted as set forth in the instructions to bidders. (November 1990) QUALIFICATIONS & ASSUMPTIONS - Items that are not completely defined in the project documents for which the estimator is required to use judgment in developing the estimate. (June 2007) QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS - Risk analysis used to screen risks wherein risk probabilities of occurrence and impacts are expressed narratively or in ranked categories of severity. Typically incorporates use of a risk matrix. See also: QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; RISK ANALYSIS; RISK MATRIX. (December 2011) QUALITY - Conformance to established requirements (not a degree of goodness). (November 1990) QUALITY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA - Specified limits placed on characteristics of a product, process, or service defined by codes, standards, or other requirement documents. (November 1990) QUALITY ACTIVITIES - Those activities directly associated with appraisal, training, and prevention. (November 1990) QUALITY APPRAISAL - Quality activities employed to determine whether a product, process, or service conforms to established requirements, including: design review, specification review, other documentation review, constructability review, materials inspection/tests, personnel testing, quality status documentation, and post project reviews. (November 1990) QUALITY ASSURANCE - All those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product, process, or service will conform to established requirements. (November 1990) QUALITY AUDIT - A formal, independent examination with intent to verify conformance with established processes and acceptance criteria. An audit does not include surveillance or inspection for the purpose of process control or product acceptance. (January 2016) QUALITY CONFORMANCE - Quality management activities associated with appraisal, training, and prevention adapted to achieve zero deviations from the established requirements. (November 1990) QUALITY CONTROL - Inspection, test, evaluation or other necessary action to verify that a product, process, or service conforms to established requirements and specifications. (November 1990) QUALITY CORRECTIVE ACTION - Measures taken to rectify conditions adverse to quality and, where necessary, to preclude repetition. Corrective action includes rework and remedial action for nonconformance deviations. (November 1990) QUALITY MANAGEMENT - Concerns the optimization of the quality activities involved in producing a quality product, process or service. As such, it includes appraisal, training, and prevention activities. (November 1990) QUALITY MANAGEMENT COSTS - The sum of those costs associated with appraisal, training, and prevention activities. (November 1990) QUALITY NONCONFORMANCE - A deviation that occurs with a severity sufficient to consider rejection of the product, process, or service. In some situations, the product, process, or service may be accepted as is; in other situations, it will require corrective action. It also may involve the provision of deliverables that are more than required. (November 1990) QUALITY PERFORMANCE TRACKING SYSTEM - A management tool providing data for the quantitative analysis of certain quality-related aspects of projects by systematically collecting and classifying costs of quality. (November 1990) QUANTIFICATION - In estimating practice, an activity to translate project scope information into resource quantities suitable for costing. In the engineering and construction industry, a take-off is a specific type of quantification that is a measurement and listing of quantities of materials from drawings. See also: TAKE-OFF. (January 2003) QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS - Risk analysis used to estimate a numerical value (usually probabilistic) on risk outcomes wherein risk probabilities of occurrence and impact values are used directly rather than expressing severity narratively or by ranking as in qualitative methods. See also: QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; RISK ANALYSIS. (December 2011) QUANTITY SURVEY - In traditional terms means using standard methods of measuring all labor and material required for a specific project, building, or a structure, and itemizing these detailed quantities in a book or bill of quantities. See also: BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ); METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. (June 2007) QUANTITY SURVEYING - A formalized method of periodically (typically monthly) detailing the actual progress accomplished on individual activities and the units of work performed or put in place. This is usually done in accordance with an established method of measurement against a bill of quantities. Often used on unit price contracts and on international civil works projects. See also: BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ); METHOD OF MEASUREMENT; REMEASUREMENT. (June 2007) QUANTITY SURVEYOR - In the United Kingdom and elsewhere, contractors bidding a job receive a document called a bill of quantities, in addition to plans and specifications, which is prepared by a quantity surveyor, according to well-established rules. In many countries, the quantity surveyor has to undergo extensive technical training and must pass a series of professional examinations. In the United Kingdom and elsewhere a quantity surveyor establishes the quantities for all bidders and is professionally licensed to do so. (June 2007)