WBS DICTIONARY - A document that describes each element in the work breakdown structure (WBS) including a statement of work (SOW), describing work content of each WBS element, and a basis of estimate (BOE), documenting each element’s budget. Additional information may include responsible organization, contract number, etc. The WBS dictionary will often result in a project or contract statement of work (SOW). See also: WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS). (June 2007) WEATHER DAY - A work day that was stopped and/or had appreciably hindered work progress due to a weather event. See also: ADVERSE WEATHER; NORMAL WEATHER; PLANNED ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; SEVERE WEATHER; UNUSUALLY ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; WEATHER EVENT; WEATHER PREPARATION DAY; WEATHER RECOVERY DAY. (September 2015) WEATHER EVENT - A storm or significant weather condition that stops or appreciably hinders work until it has passed or the effects of the weather condition have dissipated. This may include rain, rising water, snow, ice, extreme cold, high winds, extreme heat and/or high humidity, or other weather related occurrence. The weather event may not be localized at the site as in the case of flood water from an upstream rain event or preparations for a hurricane that does not actually pass through the site. See also: ADVERSE WEATHER; NORMAL WEATHER; PLANNED ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; SEVERE WEATHER; UNUSUALLY ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; WEATHER DAY; WEATHER PREPARATION DAY; WEATHER RECOVERY DAY. (September 2015) WEATHER PREPARATION DAY - A day where planned work progress ceases going forward or is significantly impeded while the project makes preparation for an upcoming weather event, e.g. boarding up windows before a hurricane, making the site safe by securing loose materials and unfinished structures and dismantling or securing cranes from expected high winds to mitigate any potential damage to the work. See also: ADVERSE WEATHER; NORMAL WEATHER; PLANNED ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; SEVERE WEATHER; UNUSUALLY ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; WEATHER DAY; WEATHER EVENT; WEATHER RECOVERY DAY. (September 2015) WEATHER RECOVERY DAY - A day where a project is unable to resume work due to the after-effects of a weather event such as excessive flooding and mud after a rain storm. This would also include the time necessary to duplicate the status just prior to the weather event. See also: ADVERSE WEATHER; NORMAL WEATHER; PLANNED ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; SEVERE WEATHER; UNUSUALLY ADVERSE WEATHER DAY; WEATHER DAY; WEATHER EVENT; WEATHER PREPARATION DAY. (September 2015) WEIGHTS - Numerical modifiers used to infer importance of commodities in an aggregative index. (November 1990) WORK - Any and all obligations, duties, responsibilities, labor, materials, equipment, temporary facilities, and incidentals, and the furnishing thereof necessary to complete the construction which are assigned to, or undertaken by the contractor, pursuant to contract documents. In addition, the entire completed construction or various separately identifiable parts thereof required to be furnished under the contract documents. Work results from performing services, furnishing labor, and furnishing and incorporating materials and equipment into the construction, all as required by contract documents. (June 2007) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) – (1)Framework for organizing and ordering the activities that makes up a project. Systematic approach to reflect a top-down product-oriented hierarchy structure with each lower level providing more detail and smaller elements of the overall work. (2)A product-oriented family tree division of hardware, software, facilities and other items which organizes, defines and displays all of the work to be performed in accomplishing the project objectives. Some variations include the following: 1.WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS), PROJECT WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (PWBS) - A summary WBS tailored by project management to the specific project with the addition of the elements unique to the project. 2.WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS), CONTRACT WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (CWBS) - A work breakdown structure of the products or services to be furnished under contract. It is comprised of selected PWBS (program / project WBS) elements specified in the contractual document and the contractor’s lower level extensions of those elements. \[7\] (October 2013) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE ELEMENT - Any one of the individual items or entries in the WBS hierarchy, regardless of level. (November 1990) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE LEVELS - The arrangement or configuration of a work breakdown structure, which establishes an indenture of projects to programs, systems to projects, subsystems to systems, etc. \[7\] (June 2007) WORK CATEGORY - A division of work according to some distinct characteristics, such as the trade involved, e.g., mechanical, electrical, etc. See also: CODE OF ACCOUNTS (COA). (June 2007) WORK DIRECTIVE CHANGE - A written directive to the contractor, issued on or after the effective date of the agreement and signed by the owner and recommended by the engineer ordering an addition, deletion or revision in the work, or responding to differing or unforeseen physical conditions or emergencies under which the work is to be performed as provided in the general conditions. A work directive change may not change the contract price or the contract time but is evidence that the parties expect that the change directed or documented by a work directive change will be incorporated in a subsequently issued change order following negotiations by the parties as to its effect, if any, on the contract price or contract time. (November 1990) WORK FLOW - Relationship of the activities from start to finish. Work flow takes into consideration all types of activity relationships. (June 2007) WORK ITEM – (1)The precedence notation equivalent of an activity. (2)A portion of the project that can be clearly identified and isolated. See also: ACTIVITY. (June 2007) WORK PACKAGE – (1)A segment of effort or work scope required to complete a specific job which is within the responsibility of a single unit within the performing organization. (2)In earned value management, it is the level at which EV (or BCWP) is assessed and schedule variance is calculated. A work package has schedule, and resources. (January 2016) WORK PATTERN - An established and recognizable flow of work. (June 2007) WORK POWER LEVELING - Syn.: LOAD LEVELING. (November 1990) WORK SAMPLING - A direct method of measuring and monitoring labor productivity so that labor resources can be minimized and wasted effort eliminated from work processes. Work sampling provides information about the work process (i.e., how work is done) in a way that supports statistical assessment of such processes in order to optimize productivity. (January 2004) WORK SITE - The area designated in the contract where the facility is to be constructed. (November 1990) WORK UNIT - A unit of time used to estimate the duration of activities. (November 1990) WORK-IN-PROCESS – (1)In manufacturing, product in various stages of completion throughout the factory, including raw material that has been released for initial processing and completely processed material awaiting final inspection and acceptance as finished product or shipment to a customer. Many accounting systems also include semi-finished stock and components in this category. (2)In projects, product or deliverables in various stages of completion throughout the duration of a project. Syn.: IN-PROGRESS INVENTORY. (June 2007) WORKAROUND – (1)An alternative solution to a potential problem. An unplanned response (that requires its own plan) to a negative event that may be accomplished in less than optimal conditions leading to productivity losses. (2)Ad hoc action to overcome an unexpected condition or situation that would otherwise delay completion, in order to enable the work to be timely finished or finished sooner than could occur without the action. See also: RECYCLE; REWORK. (August 2007) WORKDAY - Any days when work can be scheduled (i.e., that are not rest days or holidays). (January 2012) WORKER - A definition of the behavior and responsibilities of an individual. The worker represents a role played by individuals on a project and defines how they carry out work. (June 2007) WORKHOUR - Syn.: LABOR HOUR. (June 2007) WORKHOUR ANALYSIS - An analysis of planned versus actual staffing of the project used to determine work progress, productivity rates, staffing of the project, etc. (June 2007) WORKING CALENDAR - The total calendar dates that cover all project activities, from start to finish. (June 2007) WORKLOAD FACTOR - The amount of work assigned to or expected from a worker during a specified time period expressed as a multiplier of the ‘standard’ crew’s productivity with 1.0 equal to the same productivity; and 2.0 equal to one half of the standard productivity. (January 2012) WORKWEEK - The calendar that describes the number of workdays in a typical week. (June 2007) WORTH - The worth of an item or groups of items, as in a complete facility, is determined by the return on investment compared to the amount invested. The worth of an item is dependent upon the analysis of feasibility of the entire item or group or items under discussion (or examination). (November 1990) WRITTEN AMENDMENT - A written amendment of the contract, executed by the parties on or after the effective date of the agreement and normally dealing with the non-engineering or non-technical rather than strictly work- related aspects of the contract. (June 2007) YIELD - The ratio of return or profit over the associated investment, expressed as a percentage or decimal usually on an annual basis. See also: RATE OF RETURN. (November 1990) ZERO FLOAT - A condition where there is no excess time between activities. An activity with zero float is considered a critical activity. If the duration of any critical activity is increased (the activity slips), the project finish date will slip. An activity has zero float when the early and late start/finish dates equal each other. Activities with zero float are considered to be on the critical path(s) of the project even when there are activities with negative float. (June 2007)