#### Puppet基础篇4-安装、配置并使用Puppet
Puppet前期环境（网络、解析、yum源、NTP）在上一章节已经准备就绪，接下来我们就开始安装Puppet了，安装Puppet其实很简单，官方已经提供了yum源，只需要自己将所需要的安装包下载下来然后做成本地yum源即可使用。**注意：**本实验完全采用自定义的certname名，如果不设置默认会使用系统变量hostname的值。
### 一、安装Puppetmaster
**1、安装Puppet-server、puppet和facter**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# yum install puppet puppet-server facter -y #系统会自己安装一些ruby依赖包环境
~~~
**2、配置puppet.conf****注意：**这个里面配置了两个certname名称，其中[master]中配置的certname是为所有节点认证用的master名称，[agent]中配置的certname是他本身agent的名称，当然不配置默认是和master的名称是一样的。
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cp /etc/puppet/puppet.conf{,.bak} #备份
[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf #注释已经删除
[main]
logdir = /var/log/puppet #默认日志存放路径
rundir = /var/run/puppet #pid存放路径
ssldir = $vardir/ssl #证书存放目录，默认$vardir为/var/lib/puppet
[agent]
classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #设置agent认证连接master端的服务器名称，注意这个名字必须能够被节点解析
certname = puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com #设置agent端certname名称
[master]
certname = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #设置puppetmaster认证服务器名
~~~
**3、创建site.pp文件**site.pp文件是puppet读取所有模块pp文件的开始，在3.0版本以前必须设置，否则服务无法启动。
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# touch /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
~~~
**4、启动puppetmaster服务**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster start
Starting puppetmaster:
[ OK ]
[root@puppetmaster ~]# chkconfig puppetmaster on #设置开机启动
~~~
**5、查看本地证书情况**puppetmaster第一次启动会自动生成证书自动注册自己
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│ ├── ca_crl.pem
│ ├── ca_crt.pem
│ ├── ca_key.pem
│ ├── ca_pub.pem
│ ├── inventory.txt
│ ├── private
│ │ └── ca.pass
│ ├── requests
│ ├── serial
│ └── signed
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem #已注册
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│ ├── ca.pem
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
└── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
9 directories, 13 files
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #带+标示已经注册成功
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
~~~
**6、查看监听状态**puppetmaster服务开启后，默认监听TCP 8140端口
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# netstat -nlatp | grep 8140
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8140 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1976/ruby
[root@puppetmaster ~]# lsof -i:8140
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
puppetmas 1976 puppet 5u IPv4 14331 0t0 TCP *:8140 (LISTEN)
~~~
### 二、安装Agent
以agent1为例
**1、安装puppet和facter**
~~~
[root@agent1 ~]# yum install puppet facter #系统会自己安装一些ruby依赖包环境
~~~
**2、配置puppet.conf**
~~~
[root@agent1 ~]# cp /etc/puppet/puppet.conf{,.bak}
[root@agent1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[main]
logdir = /var/log/puppet
rundir = /var/run/puppet
ssldir = $vardir/ssl
[agent]
classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #指向puppetmaster端
certname = agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com #设置自己的certname名
~~~
**3、通过调试模式启动节点向Puppetmaster端发起认证**
~~~
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
~~~
**4、服务器端确定认证**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看认证情况
"agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com" (69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9) #未认证
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --sign agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com #注册agent1
notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #再次查看认证情况
+ "agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com" (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
[root@puppetmaster ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ #另外一种查看认证的方式
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│ ├── ca_crl.pem
│ ├── ca_crt.pem
│ ├── ca_key.pem
│ ├── ca_pub.pem
│ ├── inventory.txt
│ ├── private
│ │ └── ca.pass
│ ├── requests
│ ├── serial
│ └── signed
│ ├── agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem #已经注册成功
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│ ├── ca.pem
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│ └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
└── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
9 directories, 14 files
~~~
**5、其它节点一起认证**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet agent --test #puppetmaster自己申请agent认证
info: Creating a new SSL key for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 7D:AC:F7:97:04:2B:E4:C5:74:4A:16:05:DB:F6:6A:98
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --sign --all #注册所有请求的节点
notice: Signed certificate request for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
notice: Signed certificate request for agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
notice: Signed certificate request for agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看所有节点认证
+ "agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com" (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com" (A0:CE:70:BE:A9:11:BF:F4:C8:EF:25:8E:C2:2C:3B:B7)
+ "agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com" (98:93:F7:0C:ED:94:81:3D:51:14:86:68:2B:F3:F1:A0)
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
+ "puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com" (57:A3:D7:3D:64:2F:D6:FD:BC:2A:6C:79:68:73:EA:AB)
~~~
### 三、编写简单的motd模块
**1、创建模块目录结构****注意：**再未指定modulepath搜索路径的情况下，会有默认搜索路径的，可通过以下方式查看到
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet master --genconfig >/etc/puppet/puppet.conf.out
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/puppet/puppet.conf.out | grep modulepath
modulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
[root@puppetmaster modules]# tree /etc/puppet/modules/
/etc/puppet/modules/
└── motd
├── files #存放文件目录
│ └── etc
│ └── motd
├── manifests #存放模块pp配置文件目录
│ └── init.pp
└── templates #存放模板目录
5 directories, 2 files
~~~
**2、编写pp文件**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster modules]# vim motd/manifests/init.pp
class motd{ #定义一个类叫motd
package{ 'setup': #定义package资源
ensure => present, #要求setup这个包处于被安装状态
}
file{ '/etc/motd': #定义file资源
ensure => present, #要求file文件处于存在状态
owner => 'root', #要求file文件属主为root
group => 'root', #要求file文件属组为root
mode => '0644', #要求file文件权限为644
source => "puppet://$puppetserver/modules/motd/etc/motd", #要求file文件从puppetmaster端服务器下载
require => Package['setup'], #要求文件被配置之前先执行package资源
}
}
[root@puppetmaster modules]# cat motd/files/etc/motd
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
~~~
**3、编写site.pp文件**
~~~
[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
$puppetserver = 'puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com' #设置全局变量
node 'puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
include motd
}
node 'agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
include motd
}
node 'agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
include motd
}
node 'agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
include motd
}
~~~
### 四、测试motd模块
~~~
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test #测试节点agent1
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394304542'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content:
--- /etc/motd 2000-01-13 07:18:52.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140309-4571-1vqc18j-0 2014-03-09 02:51:47.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.40 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/motd
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
[root@agent1 ~]#
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet agent -t #测试节点puppetmaster
info: Caching catalog for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394305371'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content:
--- /etc/motd 2010-01-12 21:28:22.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140309-3102-1gadon0-0 2014-03-09 03:02:51.966998294 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
info: Creating state file /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.52 seconds
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/motd
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
~~~
- 序
- 第一章：Puppet基础篇
- 编写此系列文档的目的
- 如何学习和使用Puppet
- 安装Puppet前期的准备工作
- 安装、配置并使用Puppet
- 如何建立master和agent之间的认证关系
- Puppet更新方式的选型
- 编写第一个完整测试模块puppet
- 编写第二个完整测试模块yum
- Puppetmaster多环境配置
- 自定义fact实现的四种方式介绍
- 第二章：Puppet扩展篇
- 自定义fact结合ENC(hirea)的应用实践
- 如何使用虚拟资源解决puppet冲突问题
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（apache）
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（nginx）
- 通过多进程增强master的负载均衡能力（nginx+mongrel）
- 通过横向扩展puppetmaster增加架构的灵活性
- puppet代码与版本控制系统的结合
- Puppet dashboard的部署及测试
- 第三章：MCollective架构篇
- MCollecitve架构的引入
- MCollective+MQ架构的部署
- Puppet插件的部署及测试
- MCollective各种插件的部署及测试
- MCollective安全性设计
- MQ的安全性设计
- 多MQ下MCollective高可用部署
- 第四章：Foreman架构的引入
- Foreman作为自动化运维工具为什么会如此强大
- 安装前环境准备
- 安装Foreman1.5架构（all-in-one）
- 安装Foreman1.6架构（foreman与puppetmaster分离）
- 安装Foreman1.7架构（源码，仅测试使用）
- 整合puppetmaster
- Foreman结合mcollective完成push动作
- Foreman结合puppetssh完成push动作
- Foreman的ENC环境与fact环境的对比
- hostgroup如何转换为本地的fact
- 智能变量与puppet模块参数化类的结合
- Foreman报告系统的使用
- Foreman-proxy如何做负载均衡
- Foreman上如何展现代码及文件内容
- Foreman如何和虚拟化管理软件结合
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（一）
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（二）
- Foreman CLI（Hammer）工具的使用
- Foreman目前的不足之处