**Puppet扩展篇6-通过横向扩展puppetmaster增加架构的灵活性**
puppetmaster横向扩展将采用以下架构进行部署，也可以参考《puppet实战》第246页的内容。
主机IP地址信息机用途表
**工作原理：**
- 客户端通过配置ca_server指定CA服务器，以达到独立CA服务器的目的。
- CA服务器可以部署在多个机房。
- Master集群可以在同一机房配置负载均衡器，也可以使用DNS解析Puppet Master域名到不同机房的多台服务器，通过DNS实现负载均衡。
### 1、配置前的准备工作
**1.1、版本**
puppet采用版本3.4.3负载均衡器采用nginx或haproxy进行测试部署
**1.2、主机名解析**
~~~
/etc/hosts
192.168.10.10 kspupt-ca1
192.168.10.9 kspupt-ca2
192.168.10.20 kspupt-ca
192.168.10.13 kspupt-lvs1
192.168.10.11 kspupt-m1
192.168.10.12 kspupt-m2
~~~
**1.3、时间统一**（略）
### 2、PuppetCA认证服务器部署
PuppetCA的唯一目的就是签署和撤销证书。当PuppetCA服务不可用时，新的客户端将不能获得证书，从而会影响使用，而已签发证书的客户端缺不受影响。因此将CA进行独立队架构，这对容错性而言是非常有必要的。
**2.1 安装软件包**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# groupadd -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# useradd -u 3000 -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# yum install puppet puppet-server -y
~~~
**2.2 临时配置VIP地址**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.10.20/24 dev eth0
~~~
**注：**后期CA配置成了高可用后，将VIP地址添加到高可用资源中即可，临时先绑定在CA1上。
**2.3 生成证书**
使用puppet cert命令生成CA服务器与服务器域名证书。生成puppetca和puppetmaster两个域名的授权证书文件。
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# puppet cert --generate --dns_alt_names puppetca:puppet puppetca
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# puppet cert --generate --dns_alt_names puppetmaster:puppet puppetmaster
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# puppet cert --list --all 验证
+ "puppetca" (SHA256) 76:1D:C1:90:23:45:43:A2:41:4B:3B:92:32:C4:BE:31:38:61:5B:42:03:D0:22:28:53:5B:6F:5E:99:5A:B8:94 (alt names: "DNS:puppetca", "DNS:puppetca:puppet")
+ "puppetmaster" (SHA256) 0A:A2:DC:22:B8:4C:EB:31:B0:52:8F:B0:21:72:DD:EB:C7:B4:05:97:45:B3:EA:19:3A:28:69:29:04:35:0F:E7 (alt names: "DNS:puppetmaster", "DNS:puppetmaster:puppet")
~~~
**2.4 配置puppet.conf，添加标签[master]**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[master]
confdir = /etc/puppet
certname = puppetca
ca = true #开启CA认证
~~~
**2.5 启动puppetmaster，CA部署完成**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ssl]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster start
[root@kspupt-ca1 ssl]# chkconfig puppetmaster on
~~~
**kspupt-ca2配置（略）**
### 3、PuppetMaster服务器部署
PuppetMaster服务器部署可采用默认的WebRick方式，也可以采用apache+passenger或nginx+passenger方式。
**3.1 WebRick方式：**
**3.1.1 安装软件包**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# groupadd -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# useradd -u 3000 -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# yum install puppet puppet-server -y
~~~
**3.1.2 设置hosts文件**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.20 puppetca
192.168.10.11 puppetmaster
~~~
**3.1.3 创建证书目录**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/puppet/ssl/{certs,ca,private_keys} -p
~~~
**3.1.4 将puppetca上生成的puppetmaster公钥、私钥和根证书复制到kspupt-m1**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.39:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/puppetmaster.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppetmaster.pem
[root@kspupt-m1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.39:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
[root@kspupt-m1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.39:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# scp -r root@192.168.10.39:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem
~~~
**3.1.5 配置puppet.conf，添加标签[master]，关闭ca**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[master]
certname = puppetmaster
ca = false #关闭CA认证
~~~
**3.1.6 配置puppet.conf，修改标签[agent]，增加server和ca_server字段**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[agent]
server = puppetmaster
ca_server = puppetca
~~~
**3.1.7 启动puppetmaster服务，Puppetmaster部署完成**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster start
~~~
**3.1.8 运行puppet命令进行本地证书申请**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# puppet agent -t
Info: Creating a new SSL key for kspupt-m1
Info: csr_attributes file loading from /etc/puppet/csr_attributes.yaml
Info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for kspupt-m1
Info: Certificate Request fingerprint (SHA256): 78:A5:F2:6C:F6:EE:0C:25:0C:EF:96:B8:B4:E6:78:74:A6:AA:67:81:6B:8F:36:AC:B2:37:B5:E0:C1:F0:11:67
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
~~~
**3.1.9 登录puppetca进行证书签发**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# puppet cert --sign kspupt-m1
Notice: Signed certificate request for kspupt-m1
Notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest kspupt-m1 at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/kspupt-m1.pem'
~~~
**3.1.10 再次运行puppet命令进行测试连通性**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# puppet agent -t
Info: Caching certificate for kspupt-m1
Info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
Info: Caching certificate for kspupt-m1
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for kspupt-m1
Info: Applying configuration version '1409296030'
Info: Creating state file /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds
~~~
**3.1.11 在kspupt-ca上申请本地证书**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[agent]
server = puppetmaster
ca_server = puppetca
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# puppet cert --sign kspupt-ca
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# puppet agent -t
~~~
### 3.2 Nginx+Passenger方式：
**注：**可参考 [http://kisspuppet.com/2014/10/20/puppet_learning_ext4/](http://kisspuppet.com/2014/10/20/puppet_learning_ext4/)
**3.2.1、安装相关开发包**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# groupadd -g 3001 nginx
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# useradd -u 3001 -g 3001 nginx
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# yum install ruby-devel gcc make pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel pam-devel curl-devel rpm-build
~~~
**3.2.2、安装passenger（将gem软件包copy到本地）**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# gem install rake rack passenger --no-rdoc --no-ri
~~~
**3.2.3、解压nginx、pcre源码包**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# tar xf pcre-8.32.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
~~~
**3.2.4、编译并安装nginx**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.4.2/
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/etc/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32 --add-module=`passenger-config --root`/ext/nginx
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
~~~
**3.2.5、与passenger结合**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# mkdir -p /etc/puppet/rack/public
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# cp /usr/share/puppet/ext/rack/config.ru /etc/puppet/rack/
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# chown -R puppet. /etc/puppet/rack/
~~~
**3.2.6、复制启动脚本到**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 init.d]# cp /root/gem/nginx /etc/init.d/
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
~~~
**3.2.7、配置nginx**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# vim /etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 1;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-4.0.19;
passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 8140 ssl;
server_name puppetmaster;
passenger_enabled on;
passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_DN $ssl_client_s_dn;
passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_VERIFY $ssl_client_verify;
proxy_buffer_size 4000k;
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_buffers 32 1280k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 17680k;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 4096k;
access_log /var/log/nginx/puppet_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/puppet_error.log;
root /etc/puppet/rack/public;
ssl off;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppetmaster.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem;
ssl_client_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem;
ssl_crl /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem;
ssl_verify_client optional;
ssl_ciphers SSLv2:-LOW:-EXPORT:RC4+RSA;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_verify_depth 1;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
# File sections
location /production/file_content/files/ {
types { }
default_type application/x-raw;
alias /etc/puppet/files/;
}
}
}
~~~
**3.2.8、配置puppet.conf**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[master]
certname = puppetmaster
ca = false
ssl_client_verify_header = HTTP_X_CLIENT_VERIFY
ssl_client_header = HTTP_X_CLIENT_DN
~~~
**3.2.9、启动nginx**
~~~
[root@kspupt-m1 gem]# mkdir /var/log/nginx/
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster stop
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# chkconfig puppetmaster off
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
[root@kspupt-m1 nginx-1.4.2]# chkconfig nginx on
~~~
**3.2.10、测试**
在多个节点发起puppet agent -t命令动作
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# tailf /var/log/nginx/puppet_access.log
~~~
**tkpupt-m2安装(略)**
### 4 Puppet LB负载均衡器部署
**4.1 puppet认证建立**
**4.1.1、安装软件包**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# groupadd -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# useradd -u 3000 -g 3000 puppet
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# yum install puppet
~~~
**4.1.2、编辑hosts文件**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.20 puppetca
192.168.10.11 puppetmaster
192.168.10.13 kspupt-lvs1
~~~
**4.1.3、创建证书目录**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/puppet/ssl/{certs,ca,private_keys} -p
~~~
**4.1.4、将kspupt-ca上生成的puppetmaster公钥、私钥和根证书复制到kspupt-lvs1**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.10:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/puppetmaster.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppetmaster.pem
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.10:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.10:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ssl]# scp -r root@192.168.10.10:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/
~~~
**4.1.5、配置puppet.conf，修改标签[agent]，增加server和ca_server字段**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[agent]
server = puppetmaster
ca_server = puppetca
~~~
**4.1.6、运行puppet命令进行本地证书申请**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# puppet agent -t
~~~
**4.1.7、登录kspupt-ca进行证书签发**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# puppet cert --sign kspupt-lvs1
~~~
**4.1.8、再次运行puppet命令进行测试连通性**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# puppet agent -t
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for kspupt-lvs1
Info: Applying configuration version '1409210667'
~~~
**4.2 安装并配置nginx负载均衡器**
**4.2.1、安装nginx软件**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# groupadd -g 3001 nginx
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# useradd -u 3001 -g 3001 nginx
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# yum install nginx
~~~
**4.2.2、临时设置VIP地址（后面通过高可用软件代替）**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.10.18/24 dev eth0
~~~
**4.2.3、配置nginx虚拟主机，添加upstrem**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/puppetmaster.conf
upstream puppet-master {
server 192.168.10.11:8140;
server 192.168.10.12:8140;
}
server {
listen 8140 ssl;
server_name puppetmaster;
access_log /var/log/nginx/puppet_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/puppet_error.log;
ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXP;
proxy_set_header X-SSL-Subject $ssl_client_s_dn;
proxy_set_header X-Client-DN $ssl_client_s_dn;
proxy_set_header X-Client-Verify $ssl_client_verify;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 1024k;
proxy_buffer_size 100m;
proxy_buffers 8 100m;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 100m;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 100m;
proxy_read_timeout 500;
ssl on;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppetmaster.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetmaster.pem;
ssl_client_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem;
ssl_crl /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem;
ssl_verify_client optional;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_verify_depth 1;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m;
location / {
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass https://puppet-master;
}
}
~~~
**4.2.4、编辑hosts文件，puppetmaster解析指向VIP**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.20 puppetca
192.168.10.18 puppetmaster
192.168.10.13 kspupt-lvs1
~~~
**4.2.5、修改kspupt-ca和kspupt-m1的hosts文件puppetmaster解析**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.20 puppetca
192.168.10.18 puppetmaster
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.20 puppetca
192.168.10.18 puppetmaster
~~~
**4.2.6、启动nginx服务器**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
~~~
**4.2.7、再次运行puppet命令进行测试连通性**
~~~
[root@kspupt-ca1 ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# puppet agent -t
[root@kspupt-m1 ~]# tailf /var/log/nginx/puppet_access.log
[root@kspupt-lvs1 ~]# tailf /var/log/nginx/puppet_access.log
~~~
**kspupt-lvs2(略)**
**4.3 HAproxy负载均衡配置参考**
~~~
[root@kspupt-lvs2 ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen admin_stats
bind 0.0.0.0:8080
mode http
stats refresh 5s
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats uri /haproxy
stats auth admin:password
listen puppetmaster *:8140
mode tcp
option ssl-hello-chk
# option tcplog
#balance source
# balance roundrobin
balance source
server kspupt-m1 kspupt-m1:8140 check inter 2000 fall 3
server kspupt-m2 kspupt-m2:8140 check inter 2000 fall 3
~~~
- 序
- 第一章：Puppet基础篇
- 编写此系列文档的目的
- 如何学习和使用Puppet
- 安装Puppet前期的准备工作
- 安装、配置并使用Puppet
- 如何建立master和agent之间的认证关系
- Puppet更新方式的选型
- 编写第一个完整测试模块puppet
- 编写第二个完整测试模块yum
- Puppetmaster多环境配置
- 自定义fact实现的四种方式介绍
- 第二章：Puppet扩展篇
- 自定义fact结合ENC(hirea)的应用实践
- 如何使用虚拟资源解决puppet冲突问题
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（apache）
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（nginx）
- 通过多进程增强master的负载均衡能力（nginx+mongrel）
- 通过横向扩展puppetmaster增加架构的灵活性
- puppet代码与版本控制系统的结合
- Puppet dashboard的部署及测试
- 第三章：MCollective架构篇
- MCollecitve架构的引入
- MCollective+MQ架构的部署
- Puppet插件的部署及测试
- MCollective各种插件的部署及测试
- MCollective安全性设计
- MQ的安全性设计
- 多MQ下MCollective高可用部署
- 第四章：Foreman架构的引入
- Foreman作为自动化运维工具为什么会如此强大
- 安装前环境准备
- 安装Foreman1.5架构（all-in-one）
- 安装Foreman1.6架构（foreman与puppetmaster分离）
- 安装Foreman1.7架构（源码，仅测试使用）
- 整合puppetmaster
- Foreman结合mcollective完成push动作
- Foreman结合puppetssh完成push动作
- Foreman的ENC环境与fact环境的对比
- hostgroup如何转换为本地的fact
- 智能变量与puppet模块参数化类的结合
- Foreman报告系统的使用
- Foreman-proxy如何做负载均衡
- Foreman上如何展现代码及文件内容
- Foreman如何和虚拟化管理软件结合
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（一）
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（二）
- Foreman CLI（Hammer）工具的使用
- Foreman目前的不足之处