7、HTTP负载均衡（七层） · PHP 教程（付费）

>[info] 简单的负载平衡 ***** ``` http { upstream myproject { server 127.0.0.1:8000 weight=3; server 127.0.0.1:8001; server 127.0.0.1:8002; server 127.0.0.1:8003; } server { listen 80; server_name www.domain.com; location / { proxy_pass http://myproject; } } } ``` >[info] 负载均衡五个配置实例 ***** * 网络初始化之listen常见配置 ```Lua listen 127.0.0.1:8000; listen 127.0.0.1; listen 8000; listen *:8000; listen localhost:8000; listen [::]:8000; listen [fe80::1]; listen unix:/var/run/nginx.sock; ``` >[success] 配置实例一对所有请求实现一般轮询规则的负载均衡 ``` http { upstream live_node { # 配置后端服务器组 #max_fails默认值为1,fail_timeout默认值为10s,max_fails=0表示不做检查 server 127.0.0.1:8089 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s; server 127.0.0.1:8088; keepalive 32; hash $request_uri consistent; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://live_node; # 注意：proxy_pass后面的路径不带uri时，其会将location的uri传递给后端主机 proxy_set_header Host $host; # 保留客户端的真实信息 proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_redirect off; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 32 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8088 listen 8088; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/local/nginx/html2; index index.html index.htm; } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8089 listen 8089; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/local/nginx/html3; index index.html index.htm; } } } ``` * Nginx-proxy 详解文章链接 + 查看错误日志：`upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream` + [Nginx-proxy_buffer_size and fastcgi_buffer](http://blog.csdn.net/u010391029/article/details/50850210) + [http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpProxyModule](http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpProxyModule) + [http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5dc960cd0100i4mt.html](http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5dc960cd0100i4mt.html) > 参数：`keepalive connections;` >>补充：`由于短连接消耗前端代理服务器的资源现象严重,因此会将一部分连接定义为长连接以节省资源` >>FUN：`#为每个worker进程保留的空闲的长连接数量` >>FUN：`#定义nginx与后端服务器的保持连接的数量` > 参数：`hash $request_uri consistent;` >>FUN：`#[consistent]; 使用一致性哈希算法, 建议开启此项` >>FUN：`#基于指定的key的hash表来实现对请求的调度，此处的key可以直接文本、变量或二者的组合；` >>FUN：`#将请求分类，同一类请求将发往同一个upstream server；` >[success] 配置实例二：对所有请求实现加权轮询规则负载均衡** ``` http { upstream live_node { # 配置后端服务器组 server 127.0.0.1:8089 weight=5; # 这个处理客户端请求会多些 server 127.0.0.1:8088 weight=1; # 默认 weight = 1 } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { #proxy_pass http://new_uri/; # 注意：proxy_pass后面的路径是一个uri时，其会将location的uri替换为proxy_pass的uri proxy_pass http://live_node; proxy_set_header Host $host; # 保留客户端的真实信息 } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8088 listen 8088; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/local/nginx/html2; index index.html index.htm; } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8089 listen 8089; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/local/nginx/html3; index index.html index.htm; } } } ``` >[success] 配置实例三：对特定资源实现负载均衡 ``` http { upstream videobackend { # 配置后端服务器组视频代理 server 127.0.0.1:8088; server 127.0.0.1:8089; } upstream filebackend { # 配置后端服务器组文件代理 server 127.0.0.1:8888; server 127.0.0.1:8889; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location /video/ { proxy_pass http://videobackend; # 视频代理 proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; # proxy_set_header field value; 设定发往后端主机的请求报文的请求首部的值 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location /file/ { proxy_pass http://filebackend; # 文件代理 proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8088 listen 8088; server_name localhost; location /video { alias /usr/local/nginx/html2; } } server { # 配置虚拟服务器8089 listen 8089; server_name localhost; location /video { alias /usr/local/nginx/html3; } } server { # 文件虚拟服务器1 listen 8888; server_name localhost; location /file { alias /usr/local/nginx/html4; } } server { # 文件虚拟服务器2 listen 8889; server_name localhost; location /file { alias /usr/local/nginx/html5; } } } ``` > 访问方式：`http://127.0.0.1/video/demo.txt` >>输出：`this is video HTML2 demo2 8088` >>输出：`this is video HTML3 demo3 8089` > 访问方式：`http://127.0.0.1/file/demo.txt` >>输出：`this is file HTML4 demo4 8888` >>输出：`this is file HTML4 demo5 8889` >测数文件：`demo.txt` >>`echo "this is video HTML2 demo2 8088" > ./html2/demo.txt` >[success] 配置实例四：不同的域名实现负载均衡 ``` http { upstream frontend { # 配置后端服务器组视频代理 server 127.0.0.1:8088; server 127.0.0.1:8089; } upstream backend { # 配置后端服务器组文件代理 server 127.0.0.1:8888; server 127.0.0.1:8889; } server { listen 80; server_name www.frontend.com; location /video/ { proxy_pass http://frontend; # 前台域名代理 proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } server { listen 8088; server_name www.backend.com; location /video/ { proxy_pass http://backend; # 后台域名代理 proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } } ``` >[success] 配置实例五：实现带有URL重写的负载均衡 ``` http { upstream backend { # 配置后端服务器组 server 127.0.0.1:8888; server 127.0.0.1:8889; } server { listen 80; server_name www.backend.com; index index.html index.htm; location /file/ { rewrite ^(/file/.*)/media/(.*)\.*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last; } location / { proxy_pass http://frontend; # 前台域名代理 proxy_set_header Host $host; } } } ``` >客户端请求URL为：`http://www.backend.com/file/download/media/1.mp3` >[1]：虚拟主机` location /file/ `块将该URL进行重写为:`http://www.backend.com/file/download/media/mp3/1.mp3` >[2]：新的URL再有 ` location / `块转发转发到后端的backend服务器组中实现负载均衡 >[3]: 这样就可以实现URL重写的负载均衡