#建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
##简介
生成器模式是一种对象构建模式。它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象。
###范例
```
/** "Product" */
class Pizza {
private String dough = "";
private String sauce = "";
private String topping = "";
public void setDough (String dough) { this.dough = dough; }
public void setSauce (String sauce) { this.sauce = sauce; }
public void setTopping (String topping) { this.topping = topping; }
}
''/** "Abstract Builder" */''
abstract class PizzaBuilder {
protected Pizza pizza;
public Pizza getPizza() { return pizza; }
public void createNewPizzaProduct() { pizza = new Pizza(); }
public abstract void buildDough();
public abstract void buildSauce();
public abstract void buildTopping();
}
/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("cross"); }
public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("mild"); }
public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("ham+pineapple"); }
}
/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("pan baked"); }
public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("hot"); }
public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("pepperoni+salami"); }
}
''/** "Director" */''
class Waiter {
private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;
public void setPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) { pizzaBuilder = pb; }
public Pizza getPizza() { return pizzaBuilder.getPizza(); }
public void constructPizza() {
pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct();
pizzaBuilder.buildDough();
pizzaBuilder.buildSauce();
pizzaBuilder.buildTopping();
}
}
/** A customer ordering a pizza. */
class BuilderExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Waiter waiter = new Waiter();
PizzaBuilder hawaiian_pizzabuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
PizzaBuilder spicy_pizzabuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();
waiter.setPizzaBuilder ( hawaiian_pizzabuilder );
waiter.constructPizza();
Pizza pizza = waiter.getPizza();
}
}
```
抽象工厂模式与生成器相似,因为它也可以创建复杂对象。主要的区别是生成器模式着重于一步步构造一个复杂对象。而抽象工厂模式着重于多个系列的产品对象(简单的或是复杂的)。生成器在最后的一步返回产品,而对于抽象工厂来说,产品是立即返回的。
##实例
。
建造者模式包含如下角色:
* Builder:抽象建造者
* ConcreteBuilder:具体建造者
* Director:指挥者
* Product:产品角色
![builder](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-05-02_57270f3aca11f.jpg)
###实序图
![builder](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-05-02_57270f3adfe10.jpg)
建造者模式主要是用于创建一些复杂的对象,这些对象内部构建间的建造顺序是稳定的,但是对象内部的构建通常面临着复杂的变化。
建造者模式的好处就是使得建造代码与表示代码分离,由于建造者隐藏了改产品是如何组装的,所以若需要改变一个产品的内部表示,只需要再定义一个具体的建造者就可以了。