``` mysql innodb 的共享锁和排它锁的讲解 https://www.jianshu.com/p/fe708aad6113?tdsourcetag=s_pcqq_aiomsg 原文讲解 https://www.cnblogs.com/188-username/articles/12494964.html ``` ``` 先看没有利用事务的时候并发的后果 创建库存管理表 ~~~ CREATE TABLE `storage` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `number` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ~~~ 创建订单管理表 ~~~ CREATE TABLE `order` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `number` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=34 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ~~~ 测试代码 ~~~ $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306; dbname=test','root','123456'); $sql="select `number` from storage where id=1 limit 1"; $res = $pdo->query($sql)->fetch(); $number = $res['number']; if($number>0) { $sql ="insert into `order` VALUES (null,$number)"; $order_id = $pdo->query($sql); if($order_id) { $sql="update storage set `number`=`number`-1 WHERE id=1"; $pdo->query($sql); } } ~~~ 我们预置库存是十个，然后执行ab测试查看结果 ~~~ mysql> select * from storage -> ; +----+--------+ | id | number | +----+--------+ | 1 | -2 | +----+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from `order`; +----+--------+ | id | number | +----+--------+ | 22 | 10 | | 23 | 10 | | 24 | 8 | | 25 | 8 | | 26 | 7 | | 27 | 6 | | 28 | 4 | | 29 | 3 | | 30 | 2 | | 31 | 2 | | 32 | 2 | | 33 | 1 | +----+--------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) ~~~ 得到了订单共有12个，而库存表的库存也减到了-2，这显然不符合实际逻辑的; 下面我们来看利用数据库行锁来解决这个问题 修改代码如下 ~~~ $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306; dbname=test','root','123456'); $pdo->beginTransaction();//开启事务 $sql="select `number` from storage where id=1 for UPDATE ";//利用for update 开启行锁 $res = $pdo->query($sql)->fetch(); $number = $res['number']; if($number>0) { $sql ="insert into `order` VALUES (null,$number)"; $order_id = $pdo->query($sql); if($order_id) { $sql="update storage set `number`=`number`-1 WHERE id=1"; if($pdo->query($sql)) { $pdo->commit();//提交事务 } else { $pdo->rollBack();//回滚 } } else { $pdo->rollBack();//回滚 } } ~~~ 查看结果 ~~~ mysql> select * from storage; +----+--------+ | id | number | +----+--------+ | 1 | 0 | +----+------ --+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from `order`; +----+--------+ | id | number | +----+--------+ | 1 | 10 | | 2 | 9 | | 3 | 8 | | 4 | 7 | | 5 | 6 | | 6 | 5 | | 7 | 4 | | 8 | 3 | | 9 | 2 | | 10 | 1 | +----+--------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) ~~~ 很明显在利用了mysql锁之后，对库存进行了有效的控制，很好的解决了第一段代码里面，因为并发引起的一些逻辑性的问题 ```