实例化spring ioc 容器是非常简单直接的。只要实例化ApplicationContext就行,构造参数是资源字符串,指向各种外部资源路径位置,例如本地文件系统,java classpath等待。
~~~ java
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("services.xml", "daos.xml");
~~~
下面是服务层对象配置示例`(services.xml)`
~~~xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- services -->
<bean id="petStore" class="org.springframework.samples.jpetstore.services.PetStoreServiceImpl">
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
<property name="itemDao" ref="itemDao"/>
<!-- 这里添加bean的配置和组合对象 -->
</bean>
<!-- 更多的服务层对象配置 -->
</beans>
~~~
下面是数据访问层对象配置示例(daos.xml):
~~~xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="accountDao"
class="org.springframework.samples.jpetstore.dao.jpa.JpaAccountDao">
<!-- 这里添加bean的配置和组合对象 -->
</bean>
<bean id="itemDao" class="org.springframework.samples.jpetstore.dao.jpa.JpaItemDao">
<!-- 这里添加bean的配置和组合对象 -->
</bean>
<!-- 更多的数据访问层对象配置 -->
</beans>
~~~
在上面的示例中,服务层由类`PetStoreServiceImpl`和 两个类型为`JpaAccountDao `和`JpaItemDao `的数据访问对象组成,property元素的name引用了javaBean的属性名称。ref元素引用另一个定义的bean。元素id和ref之间的联系表示合作对象的依赖关系。详细的对象依赖配置,参考[依赖](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.6.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/core.html#beans-dependencies)
### Composing XML-based configuration metadata
把xml配置文件分隔成多个是较好的做法,每个独立的文件表示架构中一个业务逻辑或者模块。
可以使用ApplicationContext的构造参数加载所有的xml配置文件,如一开始介绍的那样。或者使用元素 <import/>加载其他配置文件,如下:
~~~xml
<beans>
<import resource="services.xml"/>
<import resource="resources/messageSource.xml"/>
<import resource="/resources/themeSource.xml"/>
<bean id="bean1" class="..."/>
<bean id="bean2" class="..."/>
</beans>
~~~
上面的示例,所有的外部bean配置来自三个文件,services.xml,messageSource.xml和themeSource.xml,所有文件的位置是相对于这个使用import的文件的,所以services.xml文件必须和此文件同目录,messageSource.xml 和 themeSource.xml必须在此文件同目录的resources目录下。如你所见,开头的斜线被忽略了,因为这是相对路径,所以最好不要在开头加斜线。import的文件必须符合spring schema规范。
import指令时bean命名空间本身提供的功能,另外spring还提供了更多可选的xml命名空间的特性,例如context和util
- 正确打开本书的姿势
- 第一部分 Core
- 1. Ioc container
- 1.1. Introduction to the Spring IoC container and beans
- 1.2. Container overview
- 1.2.1. Configuration metadata
- 1.2.2. Instantiating a container
- 1.2.3. Using the container
- 1.3. Bean overview
- 1.3.1. Naming beans
- 1.3.2. Instantiating beans
- 1.4. Dependencies
- 1.4.1. Dependency Injection
- 1.4.2. Dependencies and configuration in detail
- 1.4.3. Using depends-on
- 1.4.4. Lazy-initialized beans
- 1.4.5. Autowiring collaborators
- 1.4.6. Method injection
- 1.5 Bean Scopes
- 1.6. Customizing the nature of a bean TODO
- 1.7. Bean definition inheritance TODO
- 1.8. Container Extension Points TODO
- 1.9. Annotation-based container configuration
- 1.9.1. @Required
- 1.9.2. @Autowired
- 1.9.3. Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with @Primary
- 1.9.4. Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with qualifiers TODO
- 1.9.5. Using generics as autowiring qualifiers TODO
- 1.9.6. CustomAutowireConfigurer TODO
- 1.10. Classpath scanning and managed components
- 1.10.1. @Component and further stereotype annotations
- 1.11. Using JSR 330 Standard Annotations TODO
- 1.12. Java-based container configuration
- 1.12.1. Basic concepts: @Bean and @Configuration
- 1.12.2. Instantiating the Spring container using AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
- 2. Resources
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. The Resource interface
- 2.3. Built-in Resource implementations
- 2.3.1. UrlResource
- 2.3.2. ClassPathResource
- 2.3.3. FileSystemResource
- 2.3.4. ServletContextResource
- 2.3.5. InputStreamResource
- 2.3.6. ByteArrayResource
- 2.4. The ResourceLoader
- 2.5. The ResourceLoaderAware interface
- 2.6. Resources as dependencies
- 2.7. Application contexts and Resource paths
- 2.7.1. Constructing application contexts
- 2.7.2. Wildcards in application context constructor resource paths
- 2.7.3. FileSystemResource caveats
- 3. Validation, Data Binding, and Type Conversion
- 4. Spring Expression Language (SpEL)
- 5. Aspect Oriented Programming with Spring
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.1.1. AOP concepts
- 5.1.2. Spring AOP capabilities and goals
- 5.1.3. AOP Proxies
- 5.2. @AspectJ support
- 5.2.1. Enabling @AspectJ Support
- 5.2.2. Declaring an aspect
- 5.2.3. Declaring a pointcut
- 5.2.4. Declaring advice
- 5.2.5. Introductions TODO
- 5.2.6. Aspect instantiation models TODO
- 5.2.7. Example
- 5.3. Schema-based AOP support TODO
- 5.4. Choosing which AOP declaration style to use TODO
- 5.5. Mixing aspect types TODO
- 5.6. Proxying mechanisms
- 5.6.1. Understanding AOP proxies
- 5.7. Programmatic creation of @AspectJ Proxies
- 5.8. Using AspectJ with Spring applications
- 5.8.1. Using AspectJ to dependency inject domain objects with Spring
- 5.8.2. Other Spring aspects for AspectJ
- 第二部分 Testing
- 第三部分 Data Access
- 1. Transaction Management
- 1.1. Introduction to Spring Framework transaction management
- 1.2 Advantages of the Spring Framework’s transaction support model
- 1.2.1. Global transactions
- 1.2.2. Local transactions
- 1.2.3. Spring Framework’s consistent programming model
- 1.3. Understanding the Spring Framework transaction abstraction
- 1.4. Synchronizing resources with transactions
- 1.4.1. High-level synchronization approach
- 1.4.2. Low-level synchronization approach
- 1.4.3. TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy
- 1.5. Declarative transaction management
- 1.5.1. Understanding the Spring Framework’s declarative transaction implementation
- 1.5.2. Example of declarative transaction implementation
- 1.5.3. Rolling back a declarative transaction
- 1.5.4. Configuring different transactional semantics for different beans
- 1.5.5. tx:advice元素的 settings
- 1.5.6. Using @Transactional
- 1.5.7. Transaction propagation
- 1.5.8. Advising transactional operations
- 1.5.9. Using @Transactional with AspectJ TODO
- 第四部分 web servlet
- 第五部分 Web Reactive
- 第六部分 Integration
- 第七部分 Languages