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# Java 9 - `try-with-resource`改进 > 原文: [https://beginnersbook.com/2018/05/java-9-try-with-resources-enhancements/](https://beginnersbook.com/2018/05/java-9-try-with-resources-enhancements/) **`try-with-resource`语句**首先在 Java 7 中引入。该语句在 [Java 9](https://beginnersbook.com/2018/04/java-9-features-with-examples/) 中得到了重大改进。在本指南中,我们将讨论 Java 9 中`try-with-resource`语句的**改进**。 ## 什么是`try-with-resource`? 这个语句最初是在 Java 7 中引入的,以避免我们为异常处理编写的冗余代码。这句话的优点是: 1. 尝试用资源自动关闭所有资源(文件,数据库连接,网络连接等)。无需明确关闭它们。这可以防止内存泄漏。 2. 借助`try-with-resource`,我们可以减少不必要的代码行,使代码更具可读性。 ## 我们以前如何使用`try-with-resource`在 Java 7 中编写代码? 这就是我们在 Java 7 中使用`Try-With-Resource`语句的方式。 ```java import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; public class JavaExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { try(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("beginnersbook.txt");){ //We are writing this string in the output file using FileOutputStream String mystring = "We are writing this line in the output file."; //Converting the given string in bytes byte bytes[] = mystring.getBytes(); //Writing the bytes into the file fileOutputStream.write(bytes); //Displaying success message after the successful write operation System.out.println("The given String is written in the file successfully"); }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } ``` 输出: ```java The given String is written in the file successfully ``` ## Java 7 中的`try-with-resource`问题 Java 7 中的`Try-With-Resource`语句存在某些问题。此语句不允许在语句块(范围)之外声明资源。让我们举一个例子来理解这一点。 **Java 7 - 在 Try-With-Resources 块**之外声明的资源 ```java import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; public class JavaExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("beginnersbook.txt"); try(fileOutputStream){ String mystring = "We are writing this line in the output file."; byte bytes[] = mystring.getBytes(); fileOutputStream.write(bytes); System.out.println("The given String is written in the file successfully"); }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } ``` Java 7 中的输出: ```java Compile-time error ``` 上面的示例抛出编译时错误,因为资源是在`Try-With-Resource`语句的范围之外声明的。 **Java 7 - 外部声明的资源 - 重复资源作为变通方法** 为了解决上述错误,我们不得不在 Java 7 中做一个解决方法。我们过去常常复制资源引用,如下所示: ```java import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; public class JavaExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("beginnersbook.txt"); try(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream2 = fileOutputStream){ String mystring = "We are writing this line in the output file."; byte bytes[] = mystring.getBytes(); fileOutputStream2.write(bytes); System.out.println("The given String is written in the file successfully"); }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } ``` 这段代码在 Java 7 中运行良好。 注意`try`块中的`FileOutputStream fileOutputStream2 = fileOutputStream`行。我们在`Try-With-Resource`的范围内创建了对已声明的输出流的另一个引用。 ## Java 9 - `try-with-resource`改进 **Java 9 为传统的`Try-With-Resource`语句提供了一个重要的改进**。 Java 9 允许我们在 **`Try-With-Resource`块**之外声明资源。我们不再需要创建局部变量来访问资源。让我们采用与 Java 7 相同的示例,但遇到了编译错误。在 Java 9 中,此代码运行得非常好。 ```java import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; public class JavaExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("beginnersbook.txt"); try(fileOutputStream){ String mystring = "We are writing this line in the output file."; byte bytes[] = mystring.getBytes(); fileOutputStream.write(bytes); System.out.println("The given String is written in the file successfully"); }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } ``` 输出: ```java The given String is written in the file successfully ``` Eclipse Oxygen 运行 Java SE 9 中此代码的屏幕截图。 ![Java 9 - Try with resources enhancements](https://img.kancloud.cn/38/8d/388d0cc040da1b50192180ee4338b605_1024x499.jpg)