# Perl 变量 > 原文： [https://beginnersbook.com/2017/02/perl-variables/](https://beginnersbook.com/2017/02/perl-variables/) perl 中有三种类型的变量：标量，标量和散列数组。让我们在示例的帮助下逐一学习它们。 ### 标量 [标量](https://beginnersbook.com/2017/05/scalars-in-perl/)是单一数据单元。标量可以是整数，浮点数，字符串等。标量变量以`$`符号为前缀。让我们看看下面的 perl 脚本，其中我们有三个标量变量。 ```perl #!/usr/bin/perl # Integer $age = 29; # String $name = "Chaitanya Singh"; # Float $height = 180.88; print "Name: $name\n"; print "Age: $age\n"; print "Height: $height\n"; ``` **输出：** ```perl Name: Chaitanya Singh Age: 29 Height: 180.88 ``` ### 数组 [数组](https://beginnersbook.com/2017/05/perl-lists-and-arrays/)是标量的有序列表，数组变量的前缀为`@`符号，如下例所示： ```perl #!/usr/bin/perl @friends = ("Ajeet", "Leo", "Rahul", "Dhruv"); print "\$friends[0] = $friends[0]\n"; print "\$friends[1] = $friends[1]\n"; print "\$friends[2] = $friends[2]\n"; print "\$friends[3] = $friends[3]\n"; ``` **输出：** ```perl $friends[0] = Ajeet $friends[1] = Leo $friends[2] = Rahul $friends[3] = Dhruv ``` ### 哈希（也称为关联数组） [哈希](https://beginnersbook.com/2017/05/hashes-in-perl/)是一组键值对。哈希变量以`%`符号为前缀。让我们看看下面的例子： ```perl #!/usr/bin/perl %age = ('Chaitanya Singh', 29, 'Ajeet', 28, 'Lisa', 25); print "\$age{'Lisa'}: $age{'Lisa'}\n"; print "\$age{'Chaitanya Singh'}: $age{'Chaitanya Singh'}\n"; print "\$age{'Ajeet'}: $age{'Ajeet'}\n"; ``` **输出：** ```perl $age{'Lisa'}: 25 $age{'Chaitanya Singh'}: 29 $age{'Ajeet'}: 28 ```