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# 10.4 安装超级构建 **NOTE**:*此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-10/recipe-04 中找到,其中有一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.6版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。* 我们的消息库取得了巨大的成功,许多其他程序员都使用它,并且非常满意。也希望在自己的项目中使用它,但是不确定如何正确地管理依赖关系。可以用自己的代码附带消息库的源代码,但是如果该库已经安装在系统上了应该怎么做呢?第8章,展示了超级构建的场景,但是不确定如何安装这样的项目。本示例将带您了解安装超级构建的安装细节。 ## 准备工作 此示例将针对消息库,构建一个简单的可执行链接。项目布局如下: ```shell ├── cmake │ ├── install_hook.cmake.in │ └── print_rpath.py ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── external │ └── upstream │ ├── CMakeLists.txt │ └── message │ └── CMakeLists.txt └── src ├── CMakeLists.txt └── use_message.cpp ``` 主`CMakeLists.txt`文件配合超级构建,`external`子目录包含处理依赖项的CMake指令。`cmake`子目录包含一个Python脚本和一个模板CMake脚本。这些将用于安装方面的微调,CMake脚本首先进行配置,然后调用Python脚本打印`use_message`可执行文件的`RPATH`: ```python import shlex import subprocess import sys def main(): patcher = sys.argv[1] elfobj = sys.argv[2] tools = {'patchelf': '--print-rpath', 'chrpath': '--list', 'otool': '-L'} if patcher not in tools.keys(): raise RuntimeError('Unknown tool {}'.format(patcher)) cmd = shlex.split('{:s} {:s} {:s}'.format(patcher, tools[patcher], elfobj)) rpath = subprocess.run( cmd, bufsize=1, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True) print(rpath.stdout) if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` 使用平台原生工具可以轻松地打印`RPATH`,稍后我们将在本示例中讨论这些工具。 最后,`src`子目录包含项目的`CMakeLists.txt`和源文件。`use_message.cpp`源文件包含以下内容: ```c++ #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #ifdef USING_message #include <message/Message.hpp> void messaging() { Message say_hello("Hello, World! From a client of yours!"); std::cout << say_hello << std::endl; Message say_goodbye("Goodbye, World! From a client of yours!"); std::cout << say_goodbye << std::endl; } #else void messaging() { std::cout << "Hello, World! From a client of yours!" << std::endl; std::cout << "Goodbye, World! From a client of yours!" << std::endl; } #endif int main() { messaging(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } ``` ## 具体实施 我们将从主`CMakeLists.txt`文件开始,它用来协调超级构建: 1. 与之前的示例相同。首先声明一个C++11项目,设置了默认安装路径、构建类型、目标的输出目录,以及安装树中组件的布局: ```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6 FATAL_ERROR) project(recipe-04 LANGUAGES CXX VERSION 1.0.0 ) # <<< General set up >>> set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE) endif() message(STATUS "Build type set to ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}") message(STATUS "Project will be installed to ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}") include(GNUInstallDirs) set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}) # Offer the user the choice of overriding the installation directories set(INSTALL_LIBDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for libraries") set(INSTALL_BINDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for executables") set(INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for header files") if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN) set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR CMake) else() set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}) endif() set(INSTALL_CMAKEDIR ${DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for CMake files") # Report to user foreach(p LIB BIN INCLUDE CMAKE) file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_${p}DIR} _path ) message(STATUS "Installing ${p} components to ${_path}") unset(_path) endforeach() ``` 2. 设置了`EP_BASE`目录属性,这将为超构建中的子项目设置布局。所有子项目都将在`CMAKE_BINARY_DIR`的子项目文件夹下生成: ```cmake set_property(DIRECTORY PROPERTY EP_BASE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/subprojects) ``` 3. 然后,声明`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`变量。这个变量指向构建目录下的`stage`子目录,项目将在构建期间安装在这里。这是一种沙箱安装过程,让我们有机会检查整个超级构建的布局: ```cmake set(STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stage) message(STATUS "${PROJECT_NAME} staged install: ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}") ``` 4. 添加`external/upstream`子目录。其中包括使用CMake指令来管理我们的上游依赖关系,在我们的例子中,就是消息库: ```cmake add_subdirectory(external/upstream) ``` 5. 然后,包含` ExternalProject.cmake`标准模块: ```cmake include(ExternalProject) ``` 6. 将自己的项目作为外部项目添加,调用`ExternalProject_Add`命令。`SOURCE_DIR`用于指定源位于`src`子目录中。我们会选择适当的CMake参数来配置我们的项目。这里,使用`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`作为子项目的安装目录: ```cmake ExternalProject_Add(${PROJECT_NAME}_core DEPENDS message_external SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src CMAKE_ARGS -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD} -DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=${CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED} -Dmessage_DIR=${message_DIR} CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH:PATH=${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} BUILD_ALWAYS 1 ) ``` 7. 现在,为`use_message`添加一个测试,并由`recipe-04_core`构建。这将运行`use_message`可执行文件的安装,即位于构建树中的安装: ```cmake enable_testing() add_test( NAME check_use_message COMMAND ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_BINDIR}/use_message ) ``` 8. 最后,可以声明安装规则。因为所需要的东西都已经安装在暂存区域中,我们只要将暂存区域的内容复制到安装目录即可: ```cmake install( DIRECTORY ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/ DESTINATION . USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS ) ``` 9. 使用`SCRIPT`参数声明一个附加的安装规则。CMake脚本的` install_hook.cmake `将被执行,但只在GNU/Linux和macOS上执行。这个脚本将打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`,并运行它。我们将在下一节详细地讨论这个问题: ```cmake if(UNIX) set(PRINT_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/print_rpath.py") configure_file(cmake/install_hook.cmake.in install_hook.cmake @ONLY) install( SCRIPT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_hook.cmake ) endif() ``` `-Dmessage_DIR=${message_DIR}`已作为CMake参数传递给项目,这将正确设置消息库依赖项的位置。`message_DIR`的值在`external/upstream/message`目录下的`CMakeLists.txt`文件中定义。这个文件处理依赖于消息库,让我们看看是如何处理的: 1. 首先,搜索并找到包。用户可能已经在系统的某个地方安装了,并在配置时传递了`message_DIR`: ```cmake find_package(message 1 CONFIG QUIET) ``` 2. 如果找到了消息库,我们将向用户报告目标的位置和版本,并添加一个虚拟的`message_external`目标。这里,需要虚拟目标来正确处理超构建的依赖关系: ```cmake if(message_FOUND) get_property(_loc TARGET message::message-shared PROPERTY LOCATION) message(STATUS "Found message: ${_loc} (found version ${message_VERSION})") add_library(message_external INTERFACE) # dummy ``` 3. 如果没有找到这个库,我们将把它添加为一个外部项目,从在线Git存储库下载它,然后编译它。安装路径、构建类型和安装目录布局都是由主`CMakeLists.txt`文件设置,C++编译器和标志也是如此。项目将安装到`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`下,然后进行测试: ```cmake else() include(ExternalProject) message(STATUS "Suitable message could not be located, Building message instead.") ExternalProject_Add(message_external GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/dev-cafe/message.git GIT_TAG master UPDATE_COMMAND "" CMAKE_ARGS -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} TEST_AFTER_INSTALL 1 DOWNLOAD_NO_PROGRESS 1 LOG_CONFIGURE 1 LOG_BUILD 1 LOG_INSTALL 1 ) ``` 4. 最后,将`message_DIR`目录进行设置,为指向新构建的` messageConfig.cmake`文件指明安装路径。注意,这些路径被保存到`CMakeCache`中: ```cmake if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN) set(DEF_message_DIR ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CMake) else() set(DEF_message_DIR ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/cmake/message) endif() file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${DEF_message_DIR}" DEF_message_DIR) set(message_DIR ${DEF_message_DIR} CACHE PATH "Path to internally built messageConfig.cmake" FORCE) endif() ``` 我们终于准备好编译我们自己的项目,并成功地将其链接到消息库(无论是系统上已有的消息库,还是新构建的消息库)。由于这是一个超级构建,`src`子目录下的代码是一个完全独立的CMake项目: 1. 声明一个C++11项目: ```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6 FATAL_ERROR) project(recipe-04_core LANGUAGES CXX ) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) include(GNUInstallDirs) set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}) ``` 2. 尝试找到消息库。超级构建中,正确设置`message_DIR`: ```cmake find_package(message 1 CONFIG REQUIRED) get_property(_loc TARGET message::message-shared PROPERTY LOCATION) message(STATUS "Found message: ${_loc} (found version ${message_VERSION})") ``` 3. 添加可执行目标`use_message`,该目标由`use_message.cpp`源文件创建,并连接到`message::message-shared`目标: ```cmake add_executable(use_message use_message.cpp) target_link_libraries(use_message PUBLIC message::message-shared ) ``` 4. 为`use_message`设置目标属性。再次对`RPATH`进行设置: ```cmake # Prepare RPATH file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}) if(APPLE) set(_rpath "@loader_path/${_rel}") else() set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}") endif() file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}" use_message_RPATH) set_target_properties(use_message PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF INSTALL_RPATH "${use_message_RPATH}" INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON ) ``` 5. 最后,为`use_message`目标设置了安装规则: ```cmake install( TARGETS use_message RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT bin ) ``` 现在瞧瞧CMake脚本模板`install_hook.cmake.in`的内容: 1. CMake脚本在我们的主项目范围之外执行,因此没有定义变量或目标的概念。因此,需要设置变量来保存已安装的`use_message`可执行文件的完整路径。注意使用`@INSTALL_BINDIR@`,它将由`configure_file`解析: ```cmake set(_executable ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/@INSTALL_BINDIR@/use_message) ``` 2. 需要找到平台本机可执行工具,使用该工具打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`。我们将搜索`chrpath`、`patchelf`和`otool`。当找到已安装的程序时,向用户提供有用的状态信息,并且退出搜索: ```cmake set(_patcher) list(APPEND _patchers chrpath patchelf otool) foreach(p IN LISTS _patchers) find_program(${p}_FOUND NAMES ${p} ) if(${p}_FOUND) set(_patcher ${p}) message(STATUS "ELF patching tool ${_patcher} FOUND") break() endif() endforeach() ``` 3. 检查`_patcher`变量是否为空,这意味着PatchELF工具是否可用。当为空时,我们要进行的操作将会失败,所以会发出一个致命错误,提醒用户需要安装PatchELF工具: ```cmake if(NOT _patcher) message(FATAL_ERROR "ELF patching tool NOT FOUND!\nPlease install one of chrpath, patchelf or otool") ``` 4. 当PatchELF工具找到了,则继续。我们调用Python脚本`print_rpath.py`,将`_executable`变量作为参数传递给`execute_process`: ```cmake find_package(PythonInterp REQUIRED QUIET) execute_process( COMMAND ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} @PRINT_SCRIPT@ "${_patcher}" "${_executable}" RESULT_VARIABLE _res OUTPUT_VARIABLE _out ERROR_VARIABLE _err OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ) ``` 5. 检查`_res`变量的返回代码。如果执行成功,将打印`_out`变量中捕获的标准输出流。否则,打印退出前捕获的标准输出和错误流: ```cmake if(_res EQUAL 0) message(STATUS "RPATH for ${_executable} is ${_out}") else() message(STATUS "Something went wrong!") message(STATUS "Standard output from print_rpath.py: ${_out}") message(STATUS "Standard error from print_rpath.py: ${_err}") message(FATAL_ERROR "${_patcher} could NOT obtain RPATH for ${_executable}") endif() endif() ``` 6. 再使用`execute_process`来运行已安装的`use_message`可执行目标: ```cmake execute_process( COMMAND ${_executable} RESULT_VARIABLE _res OUTPUT_VARIABLE _out ERROR_VARIABLE _err OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ) ``` 7. 最后,向用户报告`execute_process`的结果: ```cmake if(_res EQUAL 0) message(STATUS "Running ${_executable}:\n ${_out}") else() message(STATUS "Something went wrong!") message(STATUS "Standard output from running ${_executable}:\n ${_out}") message(STATUS "Standard error from running ${_executable}:\n ${_err}") message(FATAL_ERROR "Something went wrong with ${_executable}") endif() ``` ## 工作原理 CMake工具箱中,超级构建是非常有用的模式。它通过将复杂的项目划分为更小、更容易管理的子项目来管理它们。此外,可以使用CMake作为构建项目的包管理器。CMake可以搜索依赖项,如果在系统上找不到依赖项,则重新构建它们。这里需要三个`CMakeLists.txt`文件: * 主`CMakeLists.txt`文件包含项目和依赖项共享的设置,还包括我们自己的项目(作为外部项目)。本例中,我们选择的名称为`${PROJECT_NAME}_core`;也就是`recipe-04_core`,因为项目名称`recipe-04`用于超级构建。 * 外部`CMakeLists.txt`文件将尝试查找上游依赖项,并在导入目标和构建目标之间进行切换,这取决于是否找到了依赖项。对于每个依赖项,最好有单独的子目录,其中包含一个`CMakeLists.txt`文件。 * 最后,我们项目的`CMakeLists.txt`文件,可以构建一个独立的CMake项目。在原则上,我们可以自己配置和构建它,而不需要超级构建提供的依赖关系管理工具。 当对消息库的依赖关系未得到满足时,将首先考虑超级构建: ```shell $ mkdir -p build $ cd build $ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Software/recipe-04 .. ``` 让CMake查找库,这是我们得到的输出: ```shell -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0 -- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Project will be installed to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04 -- Build type set to Release -- Installing LIB components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/lib64 -- Installing BIN components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin -- Installing INCLUDE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/include -- Installing CMAKE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/share/cmake/recipe-04 -- recipe-04 staged install: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage -- Suitable message could not be located, Building message instead. -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build ``` 根据指令,CMake报告如下: * 安装将分阶段进入构建树。分阶段安装是对实际安装过程进行沙箱化的一种方法。作为开发人员,这对于在运行安装命令之前检查所有库、可执行程序和文件是否安装在正确的位置非常有用。对于用户来说,可在构建目录中给出了相同的结构。这样,即使没有运行正确的安装,我们的项目也可以立即使用。 * 系统上没有找到合适的消息库。然后,CMake将运行在构建项目之前构建库所提供的命令,以满足这种依赖性。 如果库已经位于系统的已知位置,我们可以将`-Dmessage_DIR`选项传递给CMake: ```shell $ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Software/use_message -Dmessage_DIR=$HOME/Software/message/share/cmake/message .. ``` 事实上,这个库已经找到并导入。我们对自己的项目进行建造操作: ```shell -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0 -- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Project will be installed to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04 -- Build type set to Release -- Installing LIB components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/lib64 -- Installing BIN components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin -- Installing INCLUDE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/include -- Installing CMAKE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/share/cmake/recipe-04 -- recipe-04 staged install: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage -- Checking for one of the modules 'uuid' -- Found message: /home/roberto/Software/message/lib64/libmessage.so.1 (found version 1.0.0) -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build ``` 项目的最终安装规则是,将安装文件复制到`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`: ```cmake install( DIRECTORY ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/ DESTINATION . USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS ) ``` 注意使用`.`而不是绝对路径`${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}`,这样CPack工具就可以正确理解该规则。CPack的用法将在第11章中介绍。 `recipe-04_core`项目构建一个简单的可执行目标,该目标链接到消息动态库。正如本章前几节所讨论,为了让可执行文件正确运行,需要正确设置`RPATH`。本章的第1节展示了,如何在CMake的帮助下实现这一点,同样的模式在`CMakeLists.txt`中被重用,用于创建`use_message`的可执行目标: ```cmake file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}) if(APPLE) set(_rpath "@loader_path/${_rel}") else() set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}") endif() file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}" use_message_RPATH) set_target_properties(use_message PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF INSTALL_RPATH "${use_message_RPATH}" INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON ) ``` 为了检查这是否合适,可以使用本机工具打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`。我们将对该工具的调用,封装到Python脚本中,并将其进一步封装到CMake脚本中。最后,使用`SCRIPT`关键字将CMake脚本作为安装规则调用: ```cmake if(UNIX) set(PRINT_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/print_rpath.py") configure_file(cmake/install_hook.cmake.in install_hook.cmake @ONLY) install( SCRIPT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_hook.cmake ) endif() ``` 脚本是在安装最后进行执行: ```shell $ cmake --build build --target install ``` GNU/Linux系统上,我们将看到以下输出: ```shell Install the project... -- Install configuration: "Release" -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/. -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64 -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage.so -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage_s.a -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage.so.1 -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message/Message.hpp -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message/messageExport.h -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageTargets-release.cmake -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageConfigVersion.cmake -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageConfig.cmake -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageTargets.cmake -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/hello-world_wAR -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/use_message -- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/hello-world_wDSO -- ELF patching tool chrpath FOUND -- RPATH for /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message is /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message: RUNPATH=$ORIGIN/../lib64:/home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage/lib64:/nix/store/di389pfcw2krnmh8nmkn55d1rnzmba37-CMake-Cookbook/lib64:/nix/store/di389pfcw2krnmh8nmkn55d1rnzmba37-CMake-Cookbook/lib:/nix/store/mjs2b8mmid86lvbzibzdlz8w5yrjgcnf-util-linux-2.31.1/lib:/nix/store/2kcrj1ksd2a14bm5sky182fv2xwfhfap-glibc-2.26-131/lib:/nix/store/4zd34747fz0ggzzasy4icgn3lmy89pra-gcc-7.3.0-lib/lib -- Running /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message: This is my very nice message: Hello, World! From a client of yours! ...and here is its UUID: a8014bf7-5dfa-45e2-8408-12e9a5941825 This is my very nice message: Goodbye, World! From a client of yours! ...and here is its UUID: ac971ef4-7606-460f-9144-1ad96f713647 ``` **NOTE**:*我们建议使用的工具是PatchELF (https://nixos.org/patchelf.html )、chrpath (https://linux.die.net/man/1/chrpath )和otool (http://www.manpagez.com/man/1/otool/ )。第一种方法适用于GNU/Linux和macOS,而chrpath和otool分别适用于GNU/Linux和macOS。*