Spring – 使用JavaMailSender发送电子邮件 · HowToDoInJava 中文系列教程

# Spring – 使用`JavaMailSender`发送电子邮件 > 原文： [https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-core/send-email-with-spring-javamailsenderimpl-example/](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-core/send-email-with-spring-javamailsenderimpl-example/) 在 Spring 5 提供的[`JavaMailSender`](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/mail/javamail/JavaMailSender.html)接口中学习**发送电子邮件**。这是通过 gmail smtp 服务器发送电子邮件的分步示例。我们将使用`javax.mail` maven 依赖来发送电子邮件，同时在实现`JavaMailSender`接口的`JavaMailSenderImpl`类中配置邮件属性。 > 了解更多：[使用 Gmail SMTP 服务器发送电子邮件（javax.email）](https://howtodoinjava.com/for-fun-only/how-to-send-email-in-java-using-gmail-smtp-server/) ## 1\. Maven 依赖请遵循[ maven 项目创建示例](https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/create-java-project-maven/)来创建项目。现在，将 spring 依赖项与`javax.mail`一起导入。 `pom.xml` ```java <properties> <spring.version>5.2.0.RELEASE</spring.version> <email.version>1.16.18</email.version> </properties>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId> <artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId> <version>${email.version}</version> </dependency> ``` ## 2\. `JavaMailSender`和电子邮件模板 #### 2.1. Java 配置给出了`JavaMailSender`的 Java 配置，该配置已配置为使用 Gmail SMTP 设置，并且我们配置了示例电子邮件模板，该模板已预先配置了发件人/收件人电子邮件和电子邮件文本。您可以根据需要自定义配置。 `EmailConfig.java` ```java import java.util.Properties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl; @Configuration public class EmailConfig { @Bean public JavaMailSender getJavaMailSender() { JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); mailSender.setHost("smtp.gmail.com"); mailSender.setPort(25); mailSender.setUsername("admin@gmail.com"); mailSender.setPassword("password"); Properties props = mailSender.getJavaMailProperties(); props.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp"); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true"); props.put("mail.debug", "true"); return mailSender; } @Bean public SimpleMailMessage emailTemplate() { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setTo("somebody@gmail.com"); message.setFrom("admin@gmail.com"); message.setText("FATAL - Application crash. Save your job !!"); return message; } } ``` #### 2.2. XML 配置在 Spring 上下文文件中，我们将创建一个通用的邮件发件人服务，该服务能够使用 gmail 的 smtp 服务器发送 HTTP 消息。另外，我们正在制作一个预配置的消息，该消息可以即时实例化并用于发送消息。 `applicationContext.xml` ```java <beans> <context:component-scan base-package="com.howtodoinjava" />  <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="smtp.gmail.com"/> <property name="port" value="25"/> <property name="username" value="admin@gmail.com"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> <property name="javaMailProperties"> <props> <prop key="mail.transport.protocol">smtp</prop> <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop> <prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.enable">true</prop> <prop key="mail.debug">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean>  <bean id="preConfiguredMessage" class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage"> <property name="to" value="somebody@gmail.com"></property> <property name="from" value="admin@gmail.com"></property> <property name="subject" value="FATAL - Application crash. Save your job !!"/> </bean> </beans> ``` ## 3\. 发送电子邮件此类使用`applicationContext.xml`文件中配置的 bean，并使用它们发送消息。 `EmailService.java` ```java import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("emailService") public class EmailService { @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; @Autowired private SimpleMailMessage preConfiguredMessage; /** * This method will send compose and send the message * */ public void sendMail(String to, String subject, String body) { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setTo(to); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); mailSender.send(message); } /** * This method will send a pre-configured message * */ public void sendPreConfiguredMail(String message) { SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage(preConfiguredMessage); mailMessage.setText(message); mailSender.send(mailMessage); } } ``` ## 4\. 带有附件和内联资源的电子邮件 #### 4.1. 电子邮件附件要使用电子邮件附加文件，请使用`MimeMessageHelper`将文件附加`MimeMessage`。 `Attach file` ```java public void sendMailWithAttachment(String to, String subject, String body, String fileToAttach) { MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() { public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception { mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("admin@gmail.com")); mimeMessage.setSubject(subject); mimeMessage.setText(body); FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(fileToAttach)); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true); helper.addAttachment("logo.jpg", file); } }; try { mailSender.send(preparator); } catch (MailException ex) { // simply log it and go on... System.err.println(ex.getMessage()); } } ``` #### 4.2. 内联资源有时，我们可能希望在电子邮件正文中附加内嵌资源，例如内嵌图像。通过使用指定的`Content-ID`将内联资源添加到`MimeMessage`。确保首先添加文本，然后添加资源。如果您正相反进行操作，则此操作无效。 `Inline image` ```java public void sendMailWithInlineResources(String to, String subject, String fileToAttach) { MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() { public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception { mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("admin@gmail.com")); mimeMessage.setSubject(subject); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true); helper.setText("<html><body><img src='cid:identifier1234'></body></html>", true); FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(fileToAttach)); helper.addInline("identifier1234", res); } }; try { mailSender.send(preparator); } catch (MailException ex) { // simply log it and go on... System.err.println(ex.getMessage()); } } ``` ## 5\. 演示是时候测试 **spring 邮件发送程序**代码了。我正在从测试代码发送两条消息。一个实例化并由测试类本身组成，另一个是来自`applicationContext.xml`文件的预配置消息。 `SpringEmailTest.java` ```java import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringEmailTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //Create the application context ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext ("classpath:com/howtodoinjava/core/email/applicationContext.xml"); //Get the mailer instance EmailService mailer = (EmailService) context.getBean("emailService"); //Send a composed mail mailer.sendMail("somebody@gmail.com", "Test Subject", "Testing body"); //Send a pre-configured mail mailer.sendPreConfiguredMail("Exception occurred everywhere.. where are you ????"); } } ``` 上面的通话将发送电子邮件。学习愉快！