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# Spring Hibernate 集成示例 > 原文: [https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-orm/spring-hibernate-integration-example/](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-orm/spring-hibernate-integration-example/) 此 **Spring Hibernate 集成**教程重点介绍 [**Hibernate**](https://howtodoinjava.com/hibernate-tutorials/) 与 [**Spring**](https://howtodoinjava.com) 框架的结合使用。 我将展示这种集成的结果,一个基本的端到端应用程序流看起来如何。 ## 1\. 开发环境 * [Eclipse Juno IDE](https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-ee-developers/junosr1) * [JDK 1.7](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html) * [JBoss 7](http://jbossas.jboss.org/downloads) * [Maven](https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi) * [Spring 3.0.5](https://howtodoinjava.com/java-spring-framework-tutorials/) * [Hibernate 3.6.3](https://howtodoinjava.com/hibernate-tutorials/) 对于那些不使用 maven 进行依赖管理并且依赖下载的 jar 文件的用户。 我创建了另一个项目,其中包含要下载的所有必需 jar 文件。 另外,我已经使用 Spring 3.2.5 和 hibernate 4 完成了集成。 因此,如果您属于以上两个类别中的任何一个,请阅读以下链接文章,以防出现任何问题。 [**Spring + Hibernate 4 集成教程,包含所有 jar 文件**](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring/spring-orm/spring-3-2-5-release-and-hibernate-4-integration-example-tutorial/) 要构建此示例项目,我将逐步指导您 。 通过这种方式,我们还可以遍历一些概念。 ## 2\. 创建 Maven Web 项目 在命令提示符下使用以下命令创建[ maven Web 项目](https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/maven-web-project-in-eclipse/)。 ```java $ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.howtodoinjava.app -DartifactId=Spring3HibernateIntegration -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false ``` 现在,使用下面的 maven 命令将此 Web 项目转换为 eclipse 动态 Web 项目。 ```java $ cd Spring3HibernateIntegration $ mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=2.0 ``` ## 3\. Maven 依赖 更新`pom.xml`文件以包含 spring 和 hibernate 依赖项。 它还将包括在项目参考中添加的 mysql 驱动程序。 `pom.xml` ```java <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.app</groupId> <artifactId>Spring3HibernateIntegration</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>Spring3HibernateIntegration Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <!-- JBoss repository for Hibernate --> <repositories> <repository> <id>JBoss repository</id> <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> </repository> </repositories> <properties> <org.springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</org.springframework.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.15</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>3.6.3.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.12.1.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.9</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>Spring3HibernateIntegration</finalName> </build> </project> ``` ## 4\. 创建数据库架构 现在让我们决定**数据库架构**结构,因为在下一步中编写实体类时将需要它。 ```java CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE ( ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, FIRSTNAME VARCHAR(30), LASTNAME VARCHAR(30), TELEPHONE VARCHAR(15), EMAIL VARCHAR(30), CREATED TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW() ); ``` ## 5\. 编写 Hibernate 实体类 现在该写`EmployeeEntity`了。 此类将使用 Hibernate 模式映射到数据库中的`Employee`表。 JPA 将在持久性管理设置中包括任何用[`@Entity`](https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/5/api/javax/persistence/Entity.html)注解的类。 如果您使用注解,则不需要`persistence.xml`。 ```java package com.howtodoinjava.entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="EMPLOYEE") public class EmployeeEntity { @Id @Column(name="ID") @GeneratedValue private Integer id; @Column(name="FIRSTNAME") private String firstname; @Column(name="LASTNAME") private String lastname; @Column(name="EMAIL") private String email; @Column(name="TELEPHONE") private String telephone; //Setters and getters } ``` ## 6\. 编写数据访问代码 让我们编写将与数据库交互负责的 DAO 类。 此类实际上将使用 Hibernate 会话工厂进行数据库交互。 会话工厂实现将在运行时使用 [**spring IoC 功能**](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-core/inversion-of-control-ioc-and-dependency-injection-di-patterns-in-spring-framework-and-related-interview-questions/) 注入参考变量。 `EmployeeDao.java` ```java package com.howtodoinjava.dao; import java.util.List; import com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity; public interface EmployeeDAO { public void addEmployee(EmployeeEntity employee); public List<EmployeeEntity> getAllEmployees(); public void deleteEmployee(Integer employeeId); } ``` `EmployeeDaoImpl.java` ```java package com.howtodoinjava.dao; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity; @Repository public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDAO { @Autowired private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public void addEmployee(EmployeeEntity employee) { this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(employee); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public List<EmployeeEntity> getAllEmployees() { return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from EmployeeEntity").list(); } @Override public void deleteEmployee(Integer employeeId) { EmployeeEntity employee = (EmployeeEntity) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().load( EmployeeEntity.class, employeeId); if (null != employee) { this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(employee); } } } ``` 我已经写了一个管理层,由于较少的复杂性,它在本演示中似乎是多余的,但是如果您编写此层,它通常会被视为[**最佳实践**](https://howtodoinjava.com/category/best-practices/)。 该层将仅接收来自控制器的调用,并将此调用传递到 dao 层。 `EmployeeManager.java` ```java package com.howtodoinjava.service; import java.util.List; import com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity; public interface EmployeeManager { public void addEmployee(EmployeeEntity employee); public List<EmployeeEntity> getAllEmployees(); public void deleteEmployee(Integer employeeId); } ``` `EmployeeManagerImpl.java` ```java package com.howtodoinjava.service; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.howtodoinjava.dao.EmployeeDAO; import com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity; @Service public class EmployeeManagerImpl implements EmployeeManager { @Autowired private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO; @Override @Transactional public void addEmployee(EmployeeEntity employee) { employeeDAO.addEmployee(employee); } @Override @Transactional public List<EmployeeEntity> getAllEmployees() { return employeeDAO.getAllEmployees(); } @Override @Transactional public void deleteEmployee(Integer employeeId) { employeeDAO.deleteEmployee(employeeId); } public void setEmployeeDAO(EmployeeDAO employeeDAO) { this.employeeDAO = employeeDAO; } } ``` ## 7\. Spring 控制器和视图文件 现在是时候编写 spring 控制器和处理器方法了,这些实际上将由 spring 框架的调度程序 servlet 调用以处理实际的应用程序逻辑。 `EditEmployeeController.java` ```java package com.howtodoinjava.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity; import com.howtodoinjava.service.EmployeeManager; @Controller public class EditEmployeeController { @Autowired private EmployeeManager employeeManager; @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String listEmployees(ModelMap map) { map.addAttribute("employee", new EmployeeEntity()); map.addAttribute("employeeList", employeeManager.getAllEmployees()); return "editEmployeeList"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String addEmployee(@ModelAttribute(value="employee") EmployeeEntity employee, BindingResult result) { employeeManager.addEmployee(employee); return "redirect:/"; } @RequestMapping("/delete/{employeeId}") public String deleteEmplyee(@PathVariable("employeeId") Integer employeeId) { employeeManager.deleteEmployee(employeeId); return "redirect:/"; } public void setEmployeeManager(EmployeeManager employeeManager) { this.employeeManager = employeeManager; } } ``` 现在,我们将编写应用程序的视图层,该视图层实际上是`.jsp`文件。 `editEmployeeList.jsp` ```java <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%> <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%> <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%> <html> <head> <title>Spring 3 hibernate integration example on www.howtodoinjava.com</title> </head> <body> <h2>Employee Management Screen : Spring 3 hibernate integration example on www.howtodoinjava.com</h2> <form:form method="post" action="add" commandName="employee"> <table> <tr> <td><form:label path="firstname"><spring:message code="label.firstname"/></form:label></td> <td><form:input path="firstname" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><form:label path="lastname"><spring:message code="label.lastname"/></form:label></td> <td><form:input path="lastname" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><form:label path="email"><spring:message code="label.email"/></form:label></td> <td><form:input path="email" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><form:label path="telephone"><spring:message code="label.telephone"/></form:label></td> <td><form:input path="telephone" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="<spring:message code="label.add"/>"/> </td> </tr> </table> </form:form> <h3>Employees</h3> <c:if test="${!empty employeeList}"> <table class="data"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Telephone</th> <th>Action</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${employeeList}" var="emp"> <tr> <td>${emp.lastname}, ${emp.firstname} </td> <td>${emp.email}</td> <td>${emp.telephone}</td> <td>delete</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </c:if> </body> </html> ``` #### 8\. Spring 分派器 Servlet 我们的 Java 代码已经完成,现在可以配置应用程序了。 让我们从`web.xml`开始。 在`web.xml`中,我们将为 spring 框架配置[前控制器](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Controller_pattern),即[`DispatcherServlet`](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/3.1.x/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/servlet/DispatcherServlet.html)。 ```java <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>employee</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>employee</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/employee-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app> ``` ## 9\. Spring Hibernate 集成配置 让我们为 Hibernate **数据源**,**消息资源**,**视图解析器**和其他此类对象配置 spring 框架。 `employee-servlet.xml` ```java <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/ http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.howtodoinjava.controller" /> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="classpath:messages"></property> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property> </bean> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" p:location="/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties"></bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}" p:url="${jdbc.databaseurl}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}"></bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="configLocation"> <value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value> </property> <property name="configurationClass"> <value>org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration</value> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="employeeDAO" class="com.howtodoinjava.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl"></bean> <bean id="employeeManager" class="com.howtodoinjava.service.EmployeeManagerImpl"></bean> <tx:annotation-driven /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> </beans> ``` 使用注解时,Hibernate 配置变得简单。 `hibernate.cfg.xml` ```java <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <mapping class="com.howtodoinjava.entity.EmployeeEntity"></mapping> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> ``` ## 10\. JDBC 属性 让我们提到 jdbc 连接属性和消息资源属性。 `jdbc.properties` ```java jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect jdbc.databaseurl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=password ``` `messages_en.properties` ```java label.firstname=First Name label.lastname=Last Name label.email=Email label.telephone=Telephone label.add=Add Employee label.menu=Actions label.title=Employee Form label.footer=www.HowToDoInJava.com ``` 而已。 您的应用程序已准备好部署在您选择的服务器上。 最后,您的项目结构应如下所示。 ![Spring 3 hibernate integration project structure](https://img.kancloud.cn/9a/0d/9a0d502648e079127bcccd6a0ab61641_407x598.jpg) Spring + hibernate 集成项目结构 如果您在 Eclipse 逐步中发现构建或运行此 spring hibernate 集成示例时遇到任何问题,请发表评论,我将尽力帮助您。 [**下载源码**](https://howtodoinjava.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Spring3HibernateIntegration.zip) **更新:** 如果您遇到问题:`java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Lorg/hibernate/cache/CacheProvider`,可能的解决方案:请尝试将`org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean`更改为`org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean`,hibernate3 到 hibernate4。 更多参考: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7528862/exception-noclassdeffounderror-for-cacheprovider https://code.google.com/archive/p/jgk-spring-recipes/wikis/Migrating_Spring31_Hibernate4.wiki `java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/aopalliance/intercept/MethodInterceptor` 可能的解决方案:下载并将`com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar`并添加到你的类路径 参考: http://forum.spring.io/forum/spring-projects/aop/74011-java-lang-noclassdeffounderror-org-aopalliance-intercept-methodinterceptor [**下载源码**](https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yo2HclmjI4clZVT0VxeGNERFk/edit?usp=sharing) 学习愉快!