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## 一、filebeat是什么 ### 1.1、filebeat和beats的关系   首先filebeat是Beats中的一员。   Beats在是一个轻量级日志采集器,其实Beats家族有6个成员,早期的ELK架构中使用Logstash收集、解析日志,但是Logstash对内存、cpu、io等资源消耗比较高。相比Logstash,Beats所占系统的CPU和内存几乎可以忽略不计。 目前Beats包含六种工具: * Packetbeat:网络数据(收集网络流量数据) * Metricbeat:指标(收集系统、进程和文件系统级别的CPU和内存使用情况等数据) * Filebeat:日志文件(收集文件数据) * Winlogbeat:windows事件日志(收集Windows事件日志数据) * Auditbeat:审计数据(收集审计日志) * Heartbeat:运行时间监控(收集系统运行时的数据) ### 1.2、filebeat是什么   Filebeat是用于转发和集中日志数据的轻量级传送工具。Filebeat监视您指定的日志文件或位置,收集日志事件,并将它们转发到Elasticsearch或 Logstash进行索引。   Filebeat的工作方式如下:启动Filebeat时,它将启动一个或多个输入,这些输入将在为日志数据指定的位置中查找。对于Filebeat所找到的每个日志,Filebeat都会启动收集器。每个收集器都读取单个日志以获取新内容,并将新日志数据发送到libbeat,libbeat将聚集事件,并将聚集的数据发送到为Filebeat配置的输出。        工作的流程图如下: ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/63/f9/63f9bd4cd9030739b93fe55067e129db_814x663.png) ## 二、filebeat原理是什么 ### 2.1、filebeat的构成   filebeat结构:由两个组件构成,分别是inputs(输入)和harvesters(收集器),这些组件一起工作来跟踪文件并将事件数据发送到您指定的输出,harvester负责读取单个文件的内容。harvester逐行读取每个文件,并将内容发送到输出。为每个文件启动一个harvester。harvester负责打开和关闭文件,这意味着文件描述符在harvester运行时保持打开状态。如果在收集文件时删除或重命名文件,Filebeat将继续读取该文件。这样做的副作用是,磁盘上的空间一直保留到harvester关闭。默认情况下,Filebeat保持文件打开,直到达到close\_inactive 关闭harvester可以会产生的结果: * 文件处理程序关闭,如果harvester仍在读取文件时被删除,则释放底层资源。 * 只有在scan\_frequency结束之后,才会再次启动文件的收集。 * 如果该文件在harvester关闭时被移动或删除,该文件的收集将不会继续   一个input负责管理harvesters和寻找所有来源读取。如果input类型是log,则input将查找驱动器上与定义的路径匹配的所有文件,并为每个文件启动一个harvester。每个input在它自己的Go进程中运行,Filebeat当前支持多种输入类型。每个输入类型可以定义多次。日志输入检查每个文件,以查看是否需要启动harvester、是否已经在运行harvester或是否可以忽略该文件 ### 2.2、filebeat如何保存文件的状态   Filebeat保留每个文件的状态,并经常将状态刷新到磁盘中的注册表文件中。该状态用于记住harvester读取的最后一个偏移量,并确保发送所有日志行。如果无法访问输出(如Elasticsearch或Logstash),Filebeat将跟踪最后发送的行,并在输出再次可用时继续读取文件。当Filebeat运行时,每个输入的状态信息也保存在内存中。当Filebeat重新启动时,来自注册表文件的数据用于重建状态,Filebeat在最后一个已知位置继续每个harvester。对于每个输入,Filebeat都会保留它找到的每个文件的状态。由于文件可以重命名或移动,文件名和路径不足以标识文件。对于每个文件,Filebeat存储唯一的标识符,以检测文件是否以前被捕获。 ### 2.3、filebeat何如保证至少一次数据消费   Filebeat保证事件将至少传递到配置的输出一次,并且不会丢失数据。是因为它将每个事件的传递状态存储在注册表文件中。在已定义的输出被阻止且未确认所有事件的情况下,Filebeat将继续尝试发送事件,直到输出确认已接收到事件为止。如果Filebeat在发送事件的过程中关闭,它不会等待输出确认所有事件后再关闭。当Filebeat重新启动时,将再次将Filebeat关闭前未确认的所有事件发送到输出。这样可以确保每个事件至少发送一次,但最终可能会有重复的事件发送到输出。通过设置shutdown\_timeout选项,可以将Filebeat配置为在关机前等待特定时间 [回到顶部](https://www.cnblogs.com/zsql/p/13137833.html#_labelTop) ## 三、filebeat怎么玩 ### 3.1、压缩包方式安装 本文采用压缩包的方式安装,linux版本,filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86\_64.tar.gz ~~~ curl-L-Ohttps://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz tar -xzvf filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz ~~~ 配置示例文件:filebeat.reference.yml(包含所有未过时的配置项) 配置文件:filebeat.yml ### 3.2、基本命令 详情见官网:[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/command-line-options.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/command-line-options.html) [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ export #导出 run #执行(默认执行) test #测试配置 keystore #秘钥存储 modules #模块配置管理 setup #设置初始环境 ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") 例如:./filebeat test config  #用来测试配置文件是否正确 ### 3.3、输入输出 支持的输入组件: Multilinemessages,Azureeventhub,CloudFoundry,Container,Docker,GooglePub/Sub,HTTPJSON,Kafka,Log,MQTT,NetFlow,Office365ManagementActivityAPI,Redis,s3,Stdin,Syslog,TCP,UDP(最常用的额就是log) 支持的输出组件: Elasticsearch,Logstash,Kafka,Redis,File,Console,ElasticCloud,Changetheoutputcodec(最常用的就是Elasticsearch,Logstash) ### 3.4、keystore的使用 keystore主要是防止敏感信息被泄露,比如密码等,像ES的密码,这里可以生成一个key为ES\_PWD,值为es的password的一个对应关系,在使用es的密码的时候就可以使用${ES\_PWD}使用 ~~~ 创建一个存储密码的keystore:filebeat keystore create 然后往其中添加键值对,例如:filebeatk eystore add ES_PWD 使用覆盖原来键的值:filebeat key store add ES_PWD–force 删除键值对:filebeat key store remove ES_PWD 查看已有的键值对:filebeat key store list ~~~ 例如:后期就可以通过${ES\_PWD}使用其值,例如: output.elasticsearch.password:"${ES\_PWD}" ### 3.5、filebeat.yml配置(log输入类型为例) 详情见官网:[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-input-log.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-input-log.html) [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ type: log #input类型为log enable: true #表示是该log类型配置生效 paths: #指定要监控的日志,目前按照Go语言的glob函数处理。没有对配置目录做递归处理,比如配置的如果是: - /var/log/* /*.log #则只会去/var/log目录的所有子目录中寻找以".log"结尾的文件,而不会寻找/var/log目录下以".log"结尾的文件。 recursive_glob.enabled: #启用全局递归模式,例如/foo/**包括/foo, /foo/*, /foo/*/* encoding:#指定被监控的文件的编码类型,使用plain和utf-8都是可以处理中文日志的 exclude_lines: ['^DBG'] #不包含匹配正则的行 include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN'] #包含匹配正则的行 harvester_buffer_size: 16384 #每个harvester在获取文件时使用的缓冲区的字节大小 max_bytes: 10485760 #单个日志消息可以拥有的最大字节数。max_bytes之后的所有字节都被丢弃而不发送。默认值为10MB (10485760) exclude_files: ['\.gz$'] #用于匹配希望Filebeat忽略的文件的正则表达式列表 ingore_older: 0 #默认为0,表示禁用,可以配置2h,2m等,注意ignore_older必须大于close_inactive的值.表示忽略超过设置值未更新的 文件或者文件从来没有被harvester收集 close_* #close_ *配置选项用于在特定标准或时间之后关闭harvester。 关闭harvester意味着关闭文件处理程序。 如果在harvester关闭 后文件被更新,则在scan_frequency过后,文件将被重新拾取。 但是,如果在harvester关闭时移动或删除文件,Filebeat将无法再次接收文件 ,并且harvester未读取的任何数据都将丢失。 close_inactive #启动选项时,如果在制定时间没有被读取,将关闭文件句柄 读取的最后一条日志定义为下一次读取的起始点,而不是基于文件的修改时间 如果关闭的文件发生变化,一个新的harverster将在scan_frequency运行后被启动 建议至少设置一个大于读取日志频率的值,配置多个prospector来实现针对不同更新速度的日志文件 使用内部时间戳机制,来反映记录日志的读取,每次读取到最后一行日志时开始倒计时使用2h 5m 来表示 close_rename #当选项启动,如果文件被重命名和移动,filebeat关闭文件的处理读取 close_removed #当选项启动,文件被删除时,filebeat关闭文件的处理读取这个选项启动后,必须启动clean_removed close_eof #适合只写一次日志的文件,然后filebeat关闭文件的处理读取 close_timeout #当选项启动时,filebeat会给每个harvester设置预定义时间,不管这个文件是否被读取,达到设定时间后,将被关闭 close_timeout 不能等于ignore_older,会导致文件更新时,不会被读取如果output一直没有输出日志事件,这个timeout是不会被启动的, 至少要要有一个事件发送,然后haverter将被关闭 设置0 表示不启动 clean_inactived #从注册表文件中删除先前收获的文件的状态 设置必须大于ignore_older+scan_frequency,以确保在文件仍在收集时没有删除任何状态 配置选项有助于减小注册表文件的大小,特别是如果每天都生成大量的新文件 此配置选项也可用于防止在Linux上重用inode的Filebeat问题 clean_removed #启动选项后,如果文件在磁盘上找不到,将从注册表中清除filebeat 如果关闭close removed 必须关闭clean removed scan_frequency #prospector检查指定用于收获的路径中的新文件的频率,默认10s tail_files:#如果设置为true,Filebeat从文件尾开始监控文件新增内容,把新增的每一行文件作为一个事件依次发送, 而不是从文件开始处重新发送所有内容。 symlinks:#符号链接选项允许Filebeat除常规文件外,可以收集符号链接。收集符号链接时,即使报告了符号链接的路径, Filebeat也会打开并读取原始文件。 backoff: #backoff选项指定Filebeat如何积极地抓取新文件进行更新。默认1s,backoff选项定义Filebeat在达到EOF之后 再次检查文件之间等待的时间。 max_backoff: #在达到EOF之后再次检查文件之前Filebeat等待的最长时间 backoff_factor: #指定backoff尝试等待时间几次,默认是2 harvester_limit:#harvester_limit选项限制一个prospector并行启动的harvester数量,直接影响文件打开数 tags #列表中添加标签,用过过滤,例如:tags: ["json"] fields #可选字段,选择额外的字段进行输出可以是标量值,元组,字典等嵌套类型 默认在sub-dictionary位置 filebeat.inputs: fields: app_id: query_engine_12 fields_under_root #如果值为ture,那么fields存储在输出文档的顶级位置 multiline.pattern #必须匹配的regexp模式 multiline.negate #定义上面的模式匹配条件的动作是 否定的,默认是false 假如模式匹配条件'^b',默认是false模式,表示讲按照模式匹配进行匹配 将不是以b开头的日志行进行合并 如果是true,表示将不以b开头的日志行进行合并 multiline.match # 指定Filebeat如何将匹配行组合成事件,在之前或者之后,取决于上面所指定的negate multiline.max_lines #可以组合成一个事件的最大行数,超过将丢弃,默认500 multiline.timeout #定义超时时间,如果开始一个新的事件在超时时间内没有发现匹配,也将发送日志,默认是5s max_procs #设置可以同时执行的最大CPU数。默认值为系统中可用的逻辑CPU的数量。 name #为该filebeat指定名字,默认为主机的hostname ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ### 3.6、实例一:logstash作为输出 filebeat.yml配置 [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ #=========================== Filebeat inputs ============================= filebeat.inputs: # Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so # you can use different inputs for various configurations. # Below are the input specific configurations. - type: log # Change to true to enable this input configuration. enabled: true # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths. paths: #配置多个日志路径 - /var/logs/es_aaa_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_bbb_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_ccc_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_ddd_index_search_slowlog.log #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\* # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #exclude_lines: ['^DBG'] # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN'] # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped. #exclude_files: ['.gz$'] # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering #fields: # level: debug # review: 1 ### Multiline options # Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common # for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [ #multiline.pattern: ^\[ # Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false. #multiline.negate: false # Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate. # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash #multiline.match: after #================================ Outputs ===================================== #----------------------------- Logstash output -------------------------------- output.logstash: # The Logstash hosts #配多个logstash使用负载均衡机制 hosts: ["192.168.110.130:5044","192.168.110.131:5044","192.168.110.132:5044","192.168.110.133:5044"] loadbalance: true #使用了负载均衡 # Optional SSL. By default is off. # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"] # Certificate for SSL client authentication #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem" # Client Certificate Key #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key" ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ./filebeat -e   #启动filebeat logstash的配置 [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ input { beats { port => 5044 } } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["http://192.168.110.130:9200"] #这里可以配置多个 index => "query-%{yyyyMMdd}" } } ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ### 3.7、实例二:elasticsearch作为输出 filebeat.yml的配置: [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ ###################### Filebeat Configuration Example ######################### # This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common # options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the # supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference. # # You can find the full configuration reference here: # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html # For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample # configuration file. #=========================== Filebeat inputs ============================= filebeat.inputs: # Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so # you can use different inputs for various configurations. # Below are the input specific configurations. - type: log # Change to true to enable this input configuration. enabled: true # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths. paths: - /var/logs/es_aaa_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_bbb_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_ccc_index_search_slowlog.log - /var/logs/es_dddd_index_search_slowlog.log #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\* # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #exclude_lines: ['^DBG'] # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN'] # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped. #exclude_files: ['.gz$'] # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering #fields: # level: debug # review: 1 ### Multiline options # Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common # for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [ #multiline.pattern: ^\[ # Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false. #multiline.negate: false # Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate. # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash #multiline.match: after #============================= Filebeat modules =============================== filebeat.config.modules: # Glob pattern for configuration loading path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml # Set to true to enable config reloading reload.enabled: false # Period on which files under path should be checked for changes #reload.period: 10s #==================== Elasticsearch template setting ========================== #================================ General ===================================== # The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group # all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface. name: filebeat222 # The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each # transaction published. #tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"] # Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the # output. #fields: # env: staging #cloud.auth: #================================ Outputs ===================================== #-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------ output.elasticsearch: # Array of hosts to connect to. hosts: ["192.168.110.130:9200","92.168.110.131:9200"] # Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`. #protocol: "https" # Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password. #api_key: "id:api_key" username: "elastic" password: "${ES_PWD}" #通过keystore设置密码 ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ./filebeat -e   #启动filebeat 查看elasticsearch集群,有一个默认的索引名字filebeat-%{\[beat.version\]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd} ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1271254/202006/1271254-20200615180342766-1130702218.png) ### 3.8、filebeat模块 官网:[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-modules.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-modules.html) 这里我使用elasticsearch模式来解析es的慢日志查询,操作步骤如下,其他的模块操作也一样: 前提: 安装好Elasticsearch和kibana两个软件,然后使用filebeat 具体的操作官网有:[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-modules-quickstart.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-modules-quickstart.html) **第一步,配置filebeat.yml文件** [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") ~~~ #============================== Kibana ===================================== # Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API. # This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration. setup.kibana: # Kibana Host # Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601) # In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601 host: "192.168.110.130:5601" #指定kibana username: "elastic" #用户 password: "${ES_PWD}" #密码,这里使用了keystore,防止明文密码 # Kibana Space ID # ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default, # the Default Space will be used. #space.id: #================================ Outputs ===================================== # Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat. #-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------ output.elasticsearch: # Array of hosts to connect to. hosts: ["192.168.110.130:9200","192.168.110.131:9200"] # Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`. #protocol: "https" # Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password. #api_key: "id:api_key" username: "elastic" #es的用户 password: "${ES_PWD}" # es的密码 #这里不能指定index,因为我没有配置模板,会自动生成一个名为filebeat-%{[beat.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}的索引 ~~~ [![复制代码](https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码") **第二步:配置elasticsearch的慢日志路径** 1cd filebeat-7.7.0-linux-x86_64/modules.d vim  elasticsearch.yml ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1271254/202006/1271254-20200615205346704-1071057709.png) **第三步:生效es模块** ~~~ ./filebeat modules elasticsearch ~~~ 查看生效的模块 ~~~ ./filebeat modules list ~~~ ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1271254/202006/1271254-20200615205618962-1748481269.png) **第四步:初始化环境** ~~~ ./filebeat setup -e ~~~  ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1271254/202006/1271254-20200615205825735-1721885759.png) ** 第五步:启动filebeat** ~~~ ./filebeat -e ~~~ 查看elasticsearch集群,如下图所示,把慢日志查询的日志都自动解析出来了: ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1271254/202006/1271254-20200615210233516-977089442.png)  到这里,elasticsearch这个module就实验成功了