## 一.题目描述
Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.
For example,
Given [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1], return 6.
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568bb5ee5bb91.jpg)
The above elevation map is represented by array [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]. In this case, 6 units of rain water (blue section) are being trapped. Thanks Marcos for contributing this image!
## 二.题目分析
该题目需要找到规律。对某个值`height[i]`来说,能trapped的最多的water取决于在`height[i]`之前最高的值:`height[left_max]`和在`height[i]` 的右边的最高值`height[right_max]`。
再简单地说,对于当前值`height[i]` 来说,找到其左边最大值`height[left_max]`和其右边最大值`height[right_max]`,如果:
`min(height[left_max], height[right_max]) > height[i]`
那么在`i`这个位置上能trapped的water就是:
`min(height[left_max], height[right_max]) - height[i]`。
总结出这个规律后一切就好办了,你可以选择第一遍从左到右遍历,计算数组的`height[left_max]`;第二遍从右到左遍历,计算`height[right_max]`。
这里的方法是先遍历一遍,找到最高的值`height[max_index]`,然后以该值的下标为分界,将数组分为两半,左右分开计算,这样,最大值`height[max_index]` 的左方只需计算各各值左方的最大值;同理 最大值`height[max_index]` 的右方只需计算各各值右方的最大值。
这些方法的时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度O(n)。
## 三.示例代码
~~~
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Solution
{
public:
int trap(vector<int>& height)
{
int n = height.size();
int max_index = 0; // 最高的柱子
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
if (height[max_index] < height[i])
max_index = i;
int water = 0;
// 以最高柱子为界限,左右分开扫描
for (int j = 1, left_max = 0; j < max_index; ++j)
{
if (height[j] < height[left_max]) water += height[left_max] - height[j];
else left_max = j;
}
for (int k = n - 2, right_max = n - 1; k > max_index; --k)
{
if (height[k] < height[right_max]) water += height[right_max] - height[k];
else right_max = k;
}
return water;
}
};
~~~
结果:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568bb5ee6a9d0.jpg)
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568bb5ee7fc1c.jpg)
## 四.小结
这道题的难点是发现规律,如果做到这一点,实现起来也并不是很难,但以上的方法基本需要遍历两次数组,是否能只用一次遍历就能算出结果而满足空间复杂度限制的方法呢?
- 前言
- 2Sum
- 3Sum
- 4Sum
- 3Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Remove Element
- Merge Sorted Array
- Add Binary
- Valid Palindrome
- Permutation Sequence
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Gray Code(2016腾讯软件开发笔试题)
- Valid Sudoku
- Rotate Image
- Power of two
- Plus One
- Gas Station
- Set Matrix Zeroes
- Count and Say
- Climbing Stairs(斐波那契数列问题)
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle 2
- Integer to Roman
- Roman to Integer
- Valid Parentheses
- Reorder List
- Path Sum
- Simplify Path
- Trapping Rain Water
- Path Sum II
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Sudoku Solver
- Isomorphic Strings
- String to Integer (atoi)
- Largest Rectangle in Histogram
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation(逆波兰式的计算)
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Longest Common Prefix
- Recover Binary Search Tree
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Sum Root to Leaf Numbers
- Anagrams
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Triangle
- Maximum Subarray(最大子串和问题)
- House Robber
- House Robber II
- Happy Number
- Interlaving String
- Minimum Path Sum
- Edit Distance
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Decode Ways
- N-Queens
- N-Queens II
- Restore IP Addresses
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Combination Sum III
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Word Search
- Word Search II
- Word Ladder
- Spiral Matrix
- Jump Game
- Jump Game II
- Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
- First Missing Positive
- Sort Colors
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search Insert Position
- Wildcard Matching