汽水瓶 · 点滴算法

<table id="table1" class="grid grid_tb " border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; border-spacing:0px; border-collapse:collapse; max-width:100%; background-color:rgb(219,222,223); font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; width:968px; border:0px; empty-cells:show; color:rgb(51,51,51); font-size:14px; line-height:20px"><tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none"><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td width="10%" class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">描述: </td><td width="90%" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; list-style-type:none"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none">有这样一道智力题：“某商店规定：三个空汽水瓶可以换一瓶汽水。小张手上有十个空汽水瓶，她最多可以换多少瓶汽水喝？”答案是5瓶，方法如下：先用9个空瓶子换3瓶汽水，喝掉3瓶满的，喝完以后4个空瓶子，用3个再换一瓶，喝掉这瓶满的，这时候剩2个空瓶子。然后你让老板先借给你一瓶汽水，喝掉这瓶满的，喝完以后用3个空瓶子换一瓶满的还给老板。如果小张手上有n个空汽水瓶，最多可以换多少瓶汽水喝？</span><br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none"/></p> </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">知识点:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> 循环 </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">题目来源:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> 内部整理 </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">练习阶段:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> 中级 </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">运行时间限制:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">无限制</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">内存限制:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">无限制</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">输入:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; list-style-type:none"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none">输入文件最多包含10组测试数据，每个数据占一行，仅包含一个正整数n（1<=n<=100），表示小张手上的空汽水瓶数。n=0表示输入结束，你的程序不应当处理这一行。</span><br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none"/></p> </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">输出:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; list-style-type:none"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none">对于每组测试数据，输出一行，表示最多可以喝的汽水瓶数。如果一瓶也喝不到，输出0。</span><br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none"/></p> </td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">样例输入:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"><pre style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding:9.5px; list-style-type:none; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; line-height:1.42857143; overflow:auto; font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; font-size:13px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(245,245,245); border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204)">3 10 81 0 </pre></td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style-type:none; height:26px"><td class="grid_left_td" style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:1px; border-right-color:rgb(238,238,238); font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)">样例输出:</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 3px 3px; list-style-type:none; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important; font-size:14px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:rgb(238,238,238)"><pre style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding:9.5px; list-style-type:none; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; line-height:1.42857143; overflow:auto; font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; font-size:13px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(245,245,245); border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204)">1 5 40 </pre></td></tr></tbody></table> 两种方式处理，注意下面代码中输入不确定的n个数以0结束输入的方法： ~~~ //方法一：找到规律就这么简单n/2 void fun1() { int n; //注意这里输入不确定个整数，以0结束的输入方式 while (cin >> n, n) { if (n < 0) break; cout << n / 2 << endl; } } //方法二： int fun2(int n) { int remainder = 0; int divisor = 0; int count = 0; while (n / 3) { divisor = n / 3; remainder = n % 3; count += divisor; n = divisor + remainder; } //如果最后还剩两个空瓶子，可以向老板借一个 //空瓶子再买一瓶 if (n % 3 == 2) count += 1; return count; } int main() { //fun1(); int n; while (cin >> n) { if (n != 0) { cout << fun2() << endl; } else break; } return 0; } ~~~