除了用于快速布局的[预定义栅格类](https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#grid-example-basic)，Bootstrap 还包含了一组 Less 变量和 mixin 用于帮你生成简单、语义化的布局。 ### [](https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#变量)变量 通过变量来定义列数、槽（gutter）宽、媒体查询阈值（用于确定合适让列浮动）。我们使用这些变量生成预定义的栅格类，如上所示，还有如下所示的定制 mixin。 ~~~scss @grid-columns: 12; @grid-gutter-width: 30px; @grid-float-breakpoint: 768px; ~~~ ### [](https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#mixin)mixin mixin 用来和栅格变量一同使用，为每个列（column）生成语义化的 CSS 代码。 ~~~scss // Creates a wrapper for a series of columns .make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { // Then clear the floated columns .clearfix(); @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { margin-left: (@gutter / -2); margin-right: (@gutter / -2); } // Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns .row { margin-left: (@gutter / -2); margin-right: (@gutter / -2); } } // Generate the extra small columns .make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the small columns .make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the small column offsets .make-sm-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-sm-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-sm-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the medium columns .make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the medium column offsets .make-md-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-md-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-md-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the large columns .make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the large column offsets .make-lg-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-lg-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-lg-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } ~~~ ### [](https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#实例展示)实例展示 你可以重新修改这些变量的值，或者用默认值调用这些 mixin。下面就是一个利用默认设置生成两列布局（列之间有间隔）的案例。 ~~~scss .wrapper { .make-row(); } .content-main { .make-lg-column(8); } .content-secondary { .make-lg-column(3); .make-lg-column-offset(1); } ~~~ ~~~html <div class="wrapper"> <div class="content-main">...</div> <div class="content-secondary">...</div> </div> ~~~