# Abstract class Phalcon\\Db\\Dialect
# Abstract class **Phalcon\\Db\\Dialect**
*implements*[*Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface*](#)
This is the base class to each database dialect. This implements common methods to transform intermediate code into its RDBMS related syntax
### Methods
public **registerCustomFunction** (*unknown* $name, *unknown* $customFunction)
Registers custom SQL functions
public **getCustomFunctions** ()
Returns registered functions
final public **escape** (*unknown* $str, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Escape identifiers
public **limit** (*unknown* $sqlQuery, *unknown* $number)
Generates the SQL for LIMIT clause
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
$sql = $dialect->limit('SELECT * FROM robots', 10);
echo $sql; // SELECT * FROM robots LIMIT 10
$sql = $dialect->limit('SELECT * FROM robots', [10, 50]);
echo $sql; // SELECT * FROM robots LIMIT 10 OFFSET 50
```
```
public **forUpdate** (*unknown* $sqlQuery)
Returns a SQL modified with a FOR UPDATE clause
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
$sql = $dialect->forUpdate('SELECT * FROM robots');
echo $sql; // SELECT * FROM robots FOR UPDATE
```
```
public **sharedLock** (*unknown* $sqlQuery)
Returns a SQL modified with a LOCK IN SHARE MODE clause
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
$sql = $dialect->sharedLock('SELECT * FROM robots');
echo $sql; // SELECT * FROM robots LOCK IN SHARE MODE
```
```
final public **getColumnList** (*unknown* $columnList, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Gets a list of columns with escaped identifiers
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
echo $dialect->getColumnList(array('column1', 'column'));
```
```
final public **getSqlColumn** (*unknown* $column, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve Column expressions
public **getSqlExpression** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Transforms an intermediate representation for a expression into a database system valid expression
final public **getSqlTable** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Transform an intermediate representation of a schema/table into a database system valid expression
public **select** (*unknown* $definition)
Builds a SELECT statement
public **supportsSavepoints** ()
Checks whether the platform supports savepoints
public **supportsReleaseSavepoints** ()
Checks whether the platform supports releasing savepoints.
public **createSavepoint** (*unknown* $name)
Generate SQL to create a new savepoint
public **releaseSavepoint** (*unknown* $name)
Generate SQL to release a savepoint
public **rollbackSavepoint** (*unknown* $name)
Generate SQL to rollback a savepoint
final protected **getSqlExpressionScalar** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve Column expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionObject** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve object expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionQualified** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Resolve qualified expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionBinaryOperations** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve binary operations expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionUnaryOperations** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve unary operations expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionFunctionCall** (*unknown* $expression, *unknown* $escapeChar, \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve function calls
final protected **getSqlExpressionList** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve Lists
final protected **getSqlExpressionAll** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Resolve \*
final protected **getSqlExpressionCastValue** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve CAST of values
final protected **getSqlExpressionConvertValue** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve CONVERT of values encodings
final protected **getSqlExpressionCase** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve CASE expressions
final protected **getSqlExpressionFrom** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Resolve a FROM clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionJoins** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a JOINs clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionWhere** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a WHERE clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionGroupBy** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a GROUP BY clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionHaving** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a HAVING clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionOrderBy** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a ORDER BY clause
final protected **getSqlExpressionLimit** (*unknown* $expression, \[*unknown* $escapeChar\], \[*unknown* $bindCounts\])
Resolve a LIMIT clause
protected **prepareColumnAlias** (*unknown* $qualified, \[*unknown* $alias\], \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Prepares column for this RDBMS
protected **prepareTable** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $schema\], \[*unknown* $alias\], \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Prepares table for this RDBMS
protected **prepareQualified** (*unknown* $column, \[*unknown* $domain\], \[*unknown* $escapeChar\])
Prepares qualified for this RDBMS
abstract public **getColumnDefinition** (*unknown* $column) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **addColumn** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $column) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **modifyColumn** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $column, \[*unknown* $currentColumn\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropColumn** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $columnName) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **addIndex** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $index) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropIndex** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $indexName) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **addPrimaryKey** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $index) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropPrimaryKey** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **addForeignKey** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $reference) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropForeignKey** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $referenceName) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **createTable** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName, *unknown* $definition) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **createView** (*unknown* $viewName, *unknown* $definition, \[*unknown* $schemaName\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropTable** (*unknown* $tableName, *unknown* $schemaName) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **dropView** (*unknown* $viewName, \[*unknown* $schemaName\], \[*unknown* $ifExists\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **tableExists** (*unknown* $tableName, \[*unknown* $schemaName\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **viewExists** (*unknown* $viewName, \[*unknown* $schemaName\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **describeColumns** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $schema\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **listTables** (\[*unknown* $schemaName\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **describeIndexes** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $schema\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **describeReferences** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $schema\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
abstract public **tableOptions** (*unknown* $table, \[*unknown* $schema\]) inherited from Phalcon\\Db\\DialectInterface
...
|
- [索引](# "总目录")
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- [API Indice](#) »
- API参考
- API列表
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter\Memory
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Resource
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\ResourceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Role
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\RoleInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Annotation
- Abstract class Phalcon\Annotations\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reader
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\ReaderInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reflection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Assets\FilterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Cssmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Jsmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\None
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Js
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Js
- Abstract class Phalcon\Cache\Backend
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Apc
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\File
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Libmemcached
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memcache
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memory
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Mongo
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Redis
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Xcache
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\BackendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Base64
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Data
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Igbinary
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Json
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\None
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Output
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\FrontendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Cli\Router\Route
- Class Phalcon\Config
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Ini
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Json
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Php
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Yaml
- Class Phalcon\Config\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Crypt
- Class Phalcon\Crypt\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\CryptInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Db\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Column
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ColumnInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Dialect
- Interface Phalcon\Db\DialectInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Db\Index
- Interface Phalcon\Db\IndexInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Profiler
- Class Phalcon\Db\RawValue
- Class Phalcon\Db\Reference
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ReferenceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Result\Pdo
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ResultInterface
- Class Phalcon\Debug
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Dump
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\DiInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Dispatcher
- Interface Phalcon\DispatcherInterface
- Class Phalcon\Escaper
- Class Phalcon\Escaper\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\EscaperInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Event
- Interface Phalcon\Events\EventsAwareInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Events\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Events\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Filter
- Class Phalcon\Filter\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Filter\UserFilterInterface
- Interface Phalcon\FilterInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Flash
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Direct
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Session
- Interface Phalcon\FlashInterface
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Form
- Abstract class Phalcon\Forms\Element
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\File
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Request\FileInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\RequestInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Cookies
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\CookiesInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Headers
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\HeadersInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\ResponseInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image
- Abstract class Phalcon\Image\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Image\Adapter\Imagick
- Interface Phalcon\Image\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Kernel
- Class Phalcon\Loader
- Class Phalcon\Loader\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\File
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Firephp
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Stream
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Syslog
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Formatter
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\FormatterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Item
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\SoftDelete
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\Timestampable
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\BehaviorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Document
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\ManagerInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\CollectionInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Controller
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ControllerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\DispatcherInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\EntityInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Collection
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\CollectionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\LazyLoader
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\MiddlewareInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Criteria
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\CriteriaInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Message
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaData
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaDataInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Query
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\QueryInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Relation
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\RelationInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Validator
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultsetInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Row
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Transaction
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\TransactionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ValidationFailed
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModelInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModuleDefinitionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Annotations
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\GroupInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\RouteInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\RouterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\UrlInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Component
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Module
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Plugin
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Engine
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\View\EngineInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewBaseInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\Model
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\NativeArray
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\QueryBuilder
- Interface Phalcon\Paginator\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk\Job
- Final class Phalcon\Registry
- Class Phalcon\Security
- Class Phalcon\Security\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Session\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Bag
- Interface Phalcon\Session\BagInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Tag
- Class Phalcon\Tag\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Tag\Select
- Abstract class Phalcon\Text
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Csv
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Gettext
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\NativeArray
- Interface Phalcon\Translate\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Validation\Validator
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alnum
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alpha
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Between
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Confirmation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Digit
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Email
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\ExclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\File
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Identical
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\InclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Numericality
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\PresenceOf
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Regex
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\StringLength
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Uniqueness
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Url
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\ValidatorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Version
- 参考手册
- 安装（Installation）
- 教程 1：让我们通过例子来学习（Tutorial 1: Let’s learn by example）
- 教程 2：Introducing INVO（Tutorial 2: Introducing INVO）
- 教程 3: Securing INVO
- 教程 4: Using CRUDs
- 教程 5: Customizing INVO
- 教程 6: Vkuró
- 教程 7：创建简单的 REST API（Tutorial 7: Creating a Simple REST API）
- 示例列表（List of examples）
- 依赖注入与服务定位器（Dependency Injection/Service Location）
- MVC 架构（The MVC Architecture）
- 使用控制器（Using Controllers）
- 使用模型（Working with Models）
- 模型元数据（Models Meta-Data）
- 事务管理（Model Transactions）
- Phalcon 查询语言（Phalcon Query Language (PHQL)）
- 缓存对象关系映射（Caching in the ORM）
- 对象文档映射 ODM (Object-Document Mapper)
- 使用视图（Using Views）
- 视图助手（View Helpers）
- 资源文件管理（Assets Management）
- Volt 模版引擎（Volt: Template Engine）
- MVC 应用（MVC Applications）
- 路由（Routing）
- 调度控制器（Dispatching Controllers）
- 微应用（Micro Applications）
- 使用命名空间（Working with Namespaces）
- 事件管理器（Events Manager）
- Request Environment
- 返回响应（Returning Responses）
- Cookie 管理（Cookies Management）
- 生成 URL 和 路径（Generating URLs and Paths）
- 闪存消息（Flashing Messages）
- 使用 Session 存储数据（Storing data in Session）
- 过滤与清理（Filtering and Sanitizing）
- 上下文编码（Contextual Escaping）
- 验证（Validation）
- 表单（Forms）
- 读取配置（Reading Configurations）
- 分页（Pagination）
- 使用缓存提高性能（Improving Performance with Cache）
- 安全（Security）
- Encryption/Decryption
- 访问控制列表 ACL（Access Control Lists ACL）
- 多语言支持（Multi-lingual Support）
- Universal Class Loader
- 日志记录（Logging）
- 注释解析器（Annotations Parser）
- 命令行应用（Command Line Applications）
- 队列（Queueing）
- 数据库抽象层（Database Abstraction Layer）
- 国际化（Internationalization）
- 数据库迁移（Database Migrations）
- 调试应用程序（Debugging Applications）
- Phalcon 开发工具（Phalcon Developer Tools）
- 提高性能：下一步该做什么？（Increasing Performance: What’s next?）
- 单元测试（Unit testing）
- 授权（License）