# 提高性能:下一步该做什么?(Increasing Performance: What’s next?)
# 提高性能:下一步该做什么?(Increasing Performance: What's next?)
要开发出高性能的应用程序需要考虑多方面的因素: 服务器, 客户端, 网络, 数据库, web服务器,静态资源等。 本章中我集中分析在如何提升系统的性能及如何检测应用的瓶颈。
### 关于服务端(Profile on the Server)
每种应用都有不同, 持久的性能分析对找出系统瓶颈是非常必要的。 性能分析可以让我们更直观的看出何处为性能瓶颈,何处不是。 性能分析在一个请示中和另一请求中可能表现不一,所以要做出足够的分析及权衡方可给出结论。
### 关于 XDebug(Profiling with XDebug)
[Xdebug](http://xdebug.org/docs) 提供了简易的性能测试的方式, 安装后可在php.ini中 进行如下配置:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
xdebug.profiler_enable = On
```
```
使用 [Webgrind](http://github.com/jokkedk/webgrind/) 可以分析出哪些函数或方法比其它的要慢:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413d6b671.jpg)
### 关于 Xhprof(Profiling with Xhprof)
[Xhprof](https://github.com/facebook/xhprof) 也是一个非常有意思的扩展。 开发者可以添加如下的代码到启动文件中:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
xhprof_enable(XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU + XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY);
```
```
然后在启动文件的结尾保存性能分析数据:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
$xhprof_data = xhprof_disable('/tmp');
$XHPROF_ROOT = "/var/www/xhprof/";
include_once $XHPROF_ROOT . "/xhprof_lib/utils/xhprof_lib.php";
include_once $XHPROF_ROOT . "/xhprof_lib/utils/xhprof_runs.php";
$xhprof_runs = new XHProfRuns_Default();
$run_id = $xhprof_runs->save_run($xhprof_data, "xhprof_testing");
echo "http://localhost/xhprof/xhprof_html/index.php?run={$run_id}&source=xhprof_testing\n";
```
```
Xhprof 提供了一个内置的HTML视图用来对性能分析的数据进行展示:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413d8868c.jpg)
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413da69e8.jpg)
### 关于 SQL 语句(Profiling SQL Statements)
几乎所有的数据库系统都提供了相关的工具以找出哪些执行缓慢的SQL语句。 检测及修复那些执行缓慢的查询对提高服务器端系统的性能来说是非常重要的。在Mysql数据库中, 开发者可以启用慢查询日志来记录执行缓慢的查询:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
log-slow-queries = /var/log/slow-queries.log
long_query_time = 1.5
```
```
### 关于客户端(Profile on the Client)
有时开发者需要提升静态资源加载的速度, 比如图片, javascript, CSS等。 下面的工具可以让开发者从客户端检测静态资源加载的瓶颈:
### (使用Chrome/Firefox进行性能分析)Profile with Chrome/Firefox
几乎所有的现代浏览器都有相应的工具来检测页面加载时间。 Chrome中开发者可使用web探察器来获取一个页面的所有资源加载所需的时间:.. figure:: ../\_static/img/chrome-1.jpg
>
align:center[Firebug](http://getfirebug.com/) 提供了类似的功能:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413dbfe96.jpg)
### Yahoo! YSlow
开发者可以使用 [YSlow](http://developer.yahoo.com/yslow/) 对网页进行分析, YSlow给出基于 [rules for high performance web pages](http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html) (高性能网页规)的建议:
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413ddc3ca.jpg)
### 使用Speed Trace进行性能分析(Profile with Speed Tracer)
[Speed Tracer](https://developers.google.com/web-toolkit/speedtracer/) 这个工具可以帮助开发者找出web应用性能方面的问题。 这个工个从浏览器的底层分析出web应用的性能。 Speed Tracer 这个插可以安装在Windows或Linux版本的Chrome上。
![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-12-30_5683413e0cc1d.jpg)
这是一个非常有用的工具,它可以为我们显示出html页面渲染的时间, Javascript及css执行(渲染)的时间等。
### 使用最新的 PHP 版本(Use a recent PHP version)
PHP本身的执行速度已经越来越快了, 使用最新版本的PHP及Phalcon可以更高的提升web应用的执行速度。
### 使用 PHP 字节码缓存(Use a PHP Bytecode Cache)
[APC](http://php.net/manual/en/book.apc.php) 像其它的字节码缓存工具一样可以帮助web应用程序减少读取及解析php文件解析所花的时间。 安装完APC之后在php.ini中添加如何配置:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
apc.enabled = On
```
```
PHP5.5中包含了一个内置的字节码缓存器,即 ZendOptimizer+, 这个扩展在5.3及5.4版本的php中也存在,只不过不是内置的而是用扩展的形式存在的。
### 将可能发生阻塞的操作放到后台运行(Do blocking work in the background)
处理视频, 发送e-mail, 压缩文件和图片等是非常耗时的, 这些最好放在后台执行。 开发者可以使用队列及消息系统以提高web应用的性能,可使用如下组件:
- [Beanstalkd](http://kr.github.io/beanstalkd/)
- [Redis](http://redis.io/)
- [RabbitMQ](http://www.rabbitmq.com/)
- [Resque](https://github.com/chrisboulton/php-resque)
- [Gearman](http://gearman.org/)
- [ZeroMQ](http://www.zeromq.org/)
### Google Page Speed
[mod\_pagespeed](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/mod) 可以加速网站的运行速度及减少网站的加载时间。 这个开源的apache web服务器模块([nginx下为ngx\_pagespeed\_](#))会自动对网页,静态资源(CSS, JavaScript, images)等进行性能相关的优化,而无需开发者修改已存在的代码,内容,及工作流等。
注: 更多的性能相关的配置或建议可以查看具体的web服务器, 如apache中提供了mod\_cache, mod\_disk\_cache等.
|
- [索引](# "总目录")
- [下一页](# "单元测试(Unit testing)") |
- [上一页](# "Linux 系统下使用 Phalcon 开发工具(Phalcon Developer Tools on Linux)") |
- API参考
- API列表
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter\Memory
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Resource
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\ResourceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Role
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\RoleInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Annotation
- Abstract class Phalcon\Annotations\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reader
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\ReaderInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reflection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Assets\FilterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Cssmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Jsmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\None
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Js
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Js
- Abstract class Phalcon\Cache\Backend
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Apc
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\File
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Libmemcached
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memcache
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memory
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Mongo
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Redis
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Xcache
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\BackendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Base64
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Data
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Igbinary
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Json
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\None
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Output
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\FrontendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Cli\Router\Route
- Class Phalcon\Config
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Ini
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Json
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Php
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Yaml
- Class Phalcon\Config\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Crypt
- Class Phalcon\Crypt\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\CryptInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Db\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Column
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ColumnInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Dialect
- Interface Phalcon\Db\DialectInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Db\Index
- Interface Phalcon\Db\IndexInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Profiler
- Class Phalcon\Db\RawValue
- Class Phalcon\Db\Reference
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ReferenceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Result\Pdo
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ResultInterface
- Class Phalcon\Debug
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Dump
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\DiInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Dispatcher
- Interface Phalcon\DispatcherInterface
- Class Phalcon\Escaper
- Class Phalcon\Escaper\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\EscaperInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Event
- Interface Phalcon\Events\EventsAwareInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Events\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Events\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Filter
- Class Phalcon\Filter\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Filter\UserFilterInterface
- Interface Phalcon\FilterInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Flash
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Direct
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Session
- Interface Phalcon\FlashInterface
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Form
- Abstract class Phalcon\Forms\Element
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\File
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Request\FileInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\RequestInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Cookies
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\CookiesInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Headers
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\HeadersInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\ResponseInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image
- Abstract class Phalcon\Image\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Image\Adapter\Imagick
- Interface Phalcon\Image\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Kernel
- Class Phalcon\Loader
- Class Phalcon\Loader\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\File
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Firephp
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Stream
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Syslog
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Formatter
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\FormatterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Item
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\SoftDelete
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\Timestampable
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\BehaviorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Document
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\ManagerInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\CollectionInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Controller
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ControllerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\DispatcherInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\EntityInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Collection
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\CollectionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\LazyLoader
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\MiddlewareInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Criteria
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\CriteriaInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Message
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaData
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaDataInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Query
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\QueryInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Relation
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\RelationInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Validator
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultsetInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Row
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Transaction
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\TransactionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ValidationFailed
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModelInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModuleDefinitionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Annotations
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\GroupInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\RouteInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\RouterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\UrlInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Component
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Module
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Plugin
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Engine
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\View\EngineInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewBaseInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\Model
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\NativeArray
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\QueryBuilder
- Interface Phalcon\Paginator\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk\Job
- Final class Phalcon\Registry
- Class Phalcon\Security
- Class Phalcon\Security\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Session\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Bag
- Interface Phalcon\Session\BagInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Tag
- Class Phalcon\Tag\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Tag\Select
- Abstract class Phalcon\Text
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Csv
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Gettext
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\NativeArray
- Interface Phalcon\Translate\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Validation\Validator
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alnum
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alpha
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Between
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Confirmation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Digit
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Email
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\ExclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\File
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Identical
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\InclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Numericality
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\PresenceOf
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Regex
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\StringLength
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Uniqueness
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Url
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\ValidatorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Version
- 参考手册
- 安装(Installation)
- 教程 1:让我们通过例子来学习(Tutorial 1: Let’s learn by example)
- 教程 2:Introducing INVO(Tutorial 2: Introducing INVO)
- 教程 3: Securing INVO
- 教程 4: Using CRUDs
- 教程 5: Customizing INVO
- 教程 6: Vkuró
- 教程 7:创建简单的 REST API(Tutorial 7: Creating a Simple REST API)
- 示例列表(List of examples)
- 依赖注入与服务定位器(Dependency Injection/Service Location)
- MVC 架构(The MVC Architecture)
- 使用控制器(Using Controllers)
- 使用模型(Working with Models)
- 模型元数据(Models Meta-Data)
- 事务管理(Model Transactions)
- Phalcon 查询语言(Phalcon Query Language (PHQL))
- 缓存对象关系映射(Caching in the ORM)
- 对象文档映射 ODM (Object-Document Mapper)
- 使用视图(Using Views)
- 视图助手(View Helpers)
- 资源文件管理(Assets Management)
- Volt 模版引擎(Volt: Template Engine)
- MVC 应用(MVC Applications)
- 路由(Routing)
- 调度控制器(Dispatching Controllers)
- 微应用(Micro Applications)
- 使用命名空间(Working with Namespaces)
- 事件管理器(Events Manager)
- Request Environment
- 返回响应(Returning Responses)
- Cookie 管理(Cookies Management)
- 生成 URL 和 路径(Generating URLs and Paths)
- 闪存消息(Flashing Messages)
- 使用 Session 存储数据(Storing data in Session)
- 过滤与清理(Filtering and Sanitizing)
- 上下文编码(Contextual Escaping)
- 验证(Validation)
- 表单(Forms)
- 读取配置(Reading Configurations)
- 分页(Pagination)
- 使用缓存提高性能(Improving Performance with Cache)
- 安全(Security)
- Encryption/Decryption
- 访问控制列表 ACL(Access Control Lists ACL)
- 多语言支持(Multi-lingual Support)
- Universal Class Loader
- 日志记录(Logging)
- 注释解析器(Annotations Parser)
- 命令行应用(Command Line Applications)
- 队列(Queueing)
- 数据库抽象层(Database Abstraction Layer)
- 国际化(Internationalization)
- 数据库迁移(Database Migrations)
- 调试应用程序(Debugging Applications)
- Phalcon 开发工具(Phalcon Developer Tools)
- 提高性能:下一步该做什么?(Increasing Performance: What’s next?)
- 单元测试(Unit testing)
- 授权(License)