# 安全(Security)
# 安全(Security)
该组件可以帮助开发人员在共同安全方面的一些工作,比如密码散列和跨站点请求伪造(CSRF)保护。
### 密码散列(Password Hashing)
将密码以纯文本方式保存是一个糟糕的安全实践。任何可以访问数据库的人可立即访问所有用户账户,因此能够从事未经授权的活动。为解决这个问题,许多应用程序使用熟悉的单向散列方法比如”[md5](http://php.net/manual/en/function.md5.php)“和”[sha1](http://php.net/manual/en/function.sha1.php)“。然而,硬件每天都在发展,变得更快,这些算法在蛮力攻击面前变得脆弱不堪。这些攻击也被称为“彩虹表([rainbow tables](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table) )。
为了解决这个问题我们可以使用哈希算法 [bcrypt](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt)。为什么 bcrypt? 由于其”[Eksblowfish](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt#Algorithm)“键设置算法,我们可以使密码加密如同我们想要的”慢”。慢的算法使计算Hash背后的真实密码的过程非常困难甚至不可能。这可以在一个很长一段时间内免遭可能的彩虹表攻击。
这个组件使您能够以一个简单的方法使用该算法:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
class UsersController extends Controller
{
public function registerAction()
{
$user = new Users();
$login = $this->request->getPost('login');
$password = $this->request->getPost('password');
$user->login = $login;
// Store the password hashed
$user->password = $this->security->hash($password);
$user->save();
}
}
```
```
我们保存一个用默认因子散列的密码。更高的因子可以使密码更加可靠。我们可以用如下的方法检查密码是否正确:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
class SessionController extends Controller
{
public function loginAction()
{
$login = $this->request->getPost('login');
$password = $this->request->getPost('password');
$user = Users::findFirstByLogin($login);
if ($user) {
if ($this->security->checkHash($password, $user->password)) {
// The password is valid
}
}
// The validation has failed
}
}
```
```
Salt使用PHP的 [openssl\_random\_pseudo\_bytes](http://php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-random-pseudo-bytes.php) 函数的伪随机字节生成的,所以需要加载扩展 [openssl](http://php.net/manual/en/book.openssl.php)。
### 防止跨站点请求伪造攻击(Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection)
这是另一个常见的web站点和应用程序攻击。如用户注册或添加注释的这类表单就很容易受到这种攻击。
可以想到的方式防止表单值发送自外部应用程序。为了解决这个问题,我们为每个表单生成一个一次性随机令牌([random nonce](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce)),在会话中添加令牌,然后一旦表单数据提交到程序之后,将提交的数据中的的令牌和存储在会中的令牌进行比较,来验证是否合法。
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php echo Tag::form('session/login') ?>
<!-- Login and password inputs ... -->
<input type="hidden" name="<?php echo $this->security->getTokenKey() ?>"
value="<?php echo $this->security->getToken() ?>"/>
</form>
```
```
在控制器的动作中可以检查CSRF令牌是否有效:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
class SessionController extends Controller
{
public function loginAction()
{
if ($this->request->isPost()) {
if ($this->security->checkToken()) {
// The token is OK
}
}
}
}
```
```
记得添加一个会话适配器到依赖注入器中,否则令牌检查是行不通的:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
$di->setShared('session', function () {
$session = new Phalcon\Session\Adapter\Files();
$session->start();
return $session;
});
```
```
同时也建议为表单添加一个 [captcha](http://www.google.com/recaptcha) ,以完全避免这种攻击的风险。
### 设置组件(Setting up the component)
该组件自动在服务容器中注册为“security”,你亦可以重新注册它并为它设置参数:
```
<pre class="calibre14">```
<?php
use Phalcon\Security;
$di->set('security', function () {
$security = new Security();
// Set the password hashing factor to 12 rounds
$security->setWorkFactor(12);
return $security;
}, true);
```
```
### 外部资源(External Resources)
- [Vkuró](http://vokuro.phalconphp.com), 是一个使用的安全组件避免CSRF和密码散列的示例应用程序 \[[Github](https://github.com/phalcon/vokuro)\]
|
- [索引](# "总目录")
- [下一页](# "Encryption/Decryption") |
- [上一页](# "使用缓存提高性能(Improving Performance with Cache)") |
- API参考
- API列表
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl
- Abstract class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Adapter\Memory
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Resource
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\ResourceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Acl\Role
- Interface Phalcon\Acl\RoleInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Annotation
- Abstract class Phalcon\Annotations\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reader
- Interface Phalcon\Annotations\ReaderInterface
- Class Phalcon\Annotations\Reflection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Collection
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Assets\FilterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Cssmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\Jsmin
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Filters\None
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Inline\Js
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Css
- Class Phalcon\Assets\Resource\Js
- Abstract class Phalcon\Cache\Backend
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Apc
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\File
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Libmemcached
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memcache
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Memory
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Mongo
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Redis
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Backend\Xcache
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\BackendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Base64
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Data
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Igbinary
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Json
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\None
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Frontend\Output
- Interface Phalcon\Cache\FrontendInterface
- Class Phalcon\Cache\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Cli\Router\Route
- Class Phalcon\Config
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Ini
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Json
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Php
- Class Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Yaml
- Class Phalcon\Config\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Crypt
- Class Phalcon\Crypt\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\CryptInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Db\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Column
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ColumnInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Db\Dialect
- Interface Phalcon\Db\DialectInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Db\Index
- Interface Phalcon\Db\IndexInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Profiler
- Class Phalcon\Db\RawValue
- Class Phalcon\Db\Reference
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ReferenceInterface
- Class Phalcon\Db\Result\Pdo
- Interface Phalcon\Db\ResultInterface
- Class Phalcon\Debug
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Dump
- Class Phalcon\Debug\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\DiInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Dispatcher
- Interface Phalcon\DispatcherInterface
- Class Phalcon\Escaper
- Class Phalcon\Escaper\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\EscaperInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Event
- Interface Phalcon\Events\EventsAwareInterface
- Class Phalcon\Events\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Events\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Events\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Filter
- Class Phalcon\Filter\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Filter\UserFilterInterface
- Interface Phalcon\FilterInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Flash
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Direct
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Flash\Session
- Interface Phalcon\FlashInterface
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Form
- Abstract class Phalcon\Forms\Element
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Forms\Manager
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie
- Class Phalcon\Http\Cookie\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Request\File
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Request\FileInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\RequestInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Cookies
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\CookiesInterface
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Http\Response\Headers
- Interface Phalcon\Http\Response\HeadersInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Http\ResponseInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image
- Abstract class Phalcon\Image\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Image\Adapter\Imagick
- Interface Phalcon\Image\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Image\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Kernel
- Class Phalcon\Loader
- Class Phalcon\Loader\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\File
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Firephp
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Stream
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Syslog
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Logger\Formatter
- Interface Phalcon\Logger\FormatterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Item
- Class Phalcon\Logger\Multiple
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Application\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\SoftDelete
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Behavior\Timestampable
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\BehaviorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Document
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Collection\ManagerInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\CollectionInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Controller
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ControllerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\DispatcherInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\EntityInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Collection
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\CollectionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\LazyLoader
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Micro\MiddlewareInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Behavior
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Criteria
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\CriteriaInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Manager
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ManagerInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Message
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaData
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\MetaDataInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Query
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\QueryInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Relation
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\RelationInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Validator
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ResultsetInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Row
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Transaction
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Model\TransactionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Model\ValidationFailed
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModelInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ModuleDefinitionInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Annotations
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\GroupInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\Router\RouteInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\RouterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\Url\Exception
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\UrlInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Component
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Module
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\User\Plugin
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View
- Abstract class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Engine
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\View\EngineInterface
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewBaseInterface
- Interface Phalcon\Mvc\ViewInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\Model
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\NativeArray
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Adapter\QueryBuilder
- Interface Phalcon\Paginator\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Paginator\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk
- Class Phalcon\Queue\Beanstalk\Job
- Final class Phalcon\Registry
- Class Phalcon\Security
- Class Phalcon\Security\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session
- Abstract class Phalcon\Session\Adapter
- Interface Phalcon\Session\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Bag
- Interface Phalcon\Session\BagInterface
- Class Phalcon\Session\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Tag
- Class Phalcon\Tag\Exception
- Abstract class Phalcon\Tag\Select
- Abstract class Phalcon\Text
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate
- Abstract class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Csv
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\Gettext
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Adapter\NativeArray
- Interface Phalcon\Translate\AdapterInterface
- Class Phalcon\Translate\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Exception
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Message\Group
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\MessageInterface
- Abstract class Phalcon\Validation\Validator
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alnum
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Alpha
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Between
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Confirmation
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Digit
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Email
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\ExclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\File
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Identical
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\InclusionIn
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Numericality
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\PresenceOf
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Regex
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\StringLength
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Uniqueness
- Class Phalcon\Validation\Validator\Url
- Interface Phalcon\Validation\ValidatorInterface
- Class Phalcon\Version
- 参考手册
- 安装(Installation)
- 教程 1:让我们通过例子来学习(Tutorial 1: Let’s learn by example)
- 教程 2:Introducing INVO(Tutorial 2: Introducing INVO)
- 教程 3: Securing INVO
- 教程 4: Using CRUDs
- 教程 5: Customizing INVO
- 教程 6: Vkuró
- 教程 7:创建简单的 REST API(Tutorial 7: Creating a Simple REST API)
- 示例列表(List of examples)
- 依赖注入与服务定位器(Dependency Injection/Service Location)
- MVC 架构(The MVC Architecture)
- 使用控制器(Using Controllers)
- 使用模型(Working with Models)
- 模型元数据(Models Meta-Data)
- 事务管理(Model Transactions)
- Phalcon 查询语言(Phalcon Query Language (PHQL))
- 缓存对象关系映射(Caching in the ORM)
- 对象文档映射 ODM (Object-Document Mapper)
- 使用视图(Using Views)
- 视图助手(View Helpers)
- 资源文件管理(Assets Management)
- Volt 模版引擎(Volt: Template Engine)
- MVC 应用(MVC Applications)
- 路由(Routing)
- 调度控制器(Dispatching Controllers)
- 微应用(Micro Applications)
- 使用命名空间(Working with Namespaces)
- 事件管理器(Events Manager)
- Request Environment
- 返回响应(Returning Responses)
- Cookie 管理(Cookies Management)
- 生成 URL 和 路径(Generating URLs and Paths)
- 闪存消息(Flashing Messages)
- 使用 Session 存储数据(Storing data in Session)
- 过滤与清理(Filtering and Sanitizing)
- 上下文编码(Contextual Escaping)
- 验证(Validation)
- 表单(Forms)
- 读取配置(Reading Configurations)
- 分页(Pagination)
- 使用缓存提高性能(Improving Performance with Cache)
- 安全(Security)
- Encryption/Decryption
- 访问控制列表 ACL(Access Control Lists ACL)
- 多语言支持(Multi-lingual Support)
- Universal Class Loader
- 日志记录(Logging)
- 注释解析器(Annotations Parser)
- 命令行应用(Command Line Applications)
- 队列(Queueing)
- 数据库抽象层(Database Abstraction Layer)
- 国际化(Internationalization)
- 数据库迁移(Database Migrations)
- 调试应用程序(Debugging Applications)
- Phalcon 开发工具(Phalcon Developer Tools)
- 提高性能:下一步该做什么?(Increasing Performance: What’s next?)
- 单元测试(Unit testing)
- 授权(License)